居民旅游影响感知和态度的空间分异——以黄山风景区为例

以黄山风景区为例,通过问卷调查,采用SPSS统计软件和ArcView GIS技术,揭示了旅游地居民对旅游影响感知和态度的空间分异特征。研究表明,周边地区居民对黄山风景区旅游影响的感知和态度呈现较为明显的空间分异。一定地域范围内,居民对旅游积极影响感知强度距离衰减,对旅游消极影响感知强度距离递增;在更广泛的地域范围内,受区域旅游空间结构和"飞地旅游"特征的影响,居民对旅游积极和消极影响的感知强度分别呈现"W"型和"M"型的空间分异特征。进一步分析了居民对风景区的了解程度、旅游流作用机制、交通线路、居民的响应程度等因素对居民旅游影响感知和态度空间分异的影响。

Study on spatial differentiation of residents&rsquo|perceptions and attitudes to tourism impacts: A case study of Huangshan Scenic Area

Residents' perceptions and attitudes to tourism impacts have been a hot study issue of both tourism geography and tourism sociology.In foreign tourism studies,the distance between the residents' habitations and tourists' attractions has been taken as a main factor in explaining the differences of residents' perceptions and attitudes to tourism impacts.However,similar studies are not found in domestic literatures in China.Considering the above conditions,taking Huangshan Scenic Area as an example,with the aid of questionnaire survey,using techniques of SPSS and Arc View GIS,spatial differentiation of residents' perceptions and attitudes to tourism impacts bought by Huangshan Scenic Area are revealed.The results indicate that residents in the hinterland of Huangshan Scenic Area show evident spatial differentiation of their perceptions and attitudes to tourism impacts brought by Huangshan Scenic Area.In determinate spatial scale,the intensity of residents perceptions and attitudes to positive tourism impacts wane and negative tourism impacts augment as the distance increases;in a more extensive space,affected by its tourism spatial structure and enclave tourism mode,the spatial differentiations of residents' perceptions and attitudes to tourism impacts brought by Huangshan Scenic Area take on "W-shaped" structure and "M-shaped" structure to positive tourism impacts and negative tourism impacts respectively.Also,the forming mechanisms leading to the above differentiation rules of residents' perceptions and attitudes to tourism impacts were analyzed,which are residents' knowledge of the scenic area,acting mechanism of tourist flows,transportation routes and residents' response to tourism development.It is thought that we can't oversimply deduce that the residents' perceptions and attitudes are "distance decay" or "distance increase".The tourism spatial structure and its subsequent effect should be taken into account when we analyze the spatial differentiation of residents' perceptions and attitudes to tourism impacts.The aim of this study is to reveal the spatial differentiation of tourism impacts,so as to offer some guidelines in optimizing regional tourism benefit and making community-oriented humanism regional tourism development strategies.