论中部农区农户打工区位选择影响因素——以河南省三个样本村为例

对农户打工区位的研究是认识农民工流动空间规律的基础。通过对河南省南阳市三个不同类型样本村的实证研究,发现打工者不同的个人特征、家庭特征和社区特征对其打工地的选择具有重要影响。其中,个人特征中的性别对打工空间、年龄对打工距离及打工空间具有显著影响;家庭特征中的家庭类型对打工距离、家庭代数和家庭上学子女数量对打工距离和打工空间具有显著影响;社区特征中的村经济发展水平、村地形对打工空间具有显著影响,农户关系网络对打工地的选择具有关键作用。农户对打工地的选择是在能够预期取得一定收入的前提下,综合考虑个人、家庭和社区因素的结果,地理环境因素对打工地的选择具有重要影响。

Research on the influencing factors of employment location choice for farm households in agriculture area of Central China: A case study for three sampting villages in Henan province

The study on employment location of farm household is the basis of understanding flow law of farm employees. Through the case study on three sampting villages in Henan province, we find that the personal characteristic, family characteristic and the community characteristic have significant influence on the employment location choice. On personal characteristic, the sex has significant influence on employment space and also age on employment distance. On family characteristic, family type has significant influence on employment distance, as well as family generation number and learner number on employment distance and employment space. On community characteristic, economic development level and terrain in village have significant influence on employment space. The relation network of farm household plays a key role in the employment location choice. Based on gaining some earnings, the choice for employment location of farm household is the result of considering all the factors, such as personal characteristics, family characteristics and community characteristics. The farm household is in logos. The geographic factor has important influence on employment location. Like the migrants in migration, the non-permanence farm employees are also selective, but the causation is decreasing the family management cost and avoiding the migration risk. Therefore, to regulate the rule of labor mobility market, reduce the risk of migration, construct rural social service system and eliminate the worries of the employment workers have critical significance to rational flow of rural surplus labor. Their policy implications are that the guidance of early employees and nurturing network of relations are of great significance for development of labor economy to the villages that have fewer emigrants. When migrant workers develop into a relatively large size, potential employees are likely to be real employees relying on its own network. Therefore, the government should focus on nurturing the seed employees. Furthermore, the formation of that relation network has played a key part in the employment location choice in validating applicability of the "migration network theory" in temporary migration.