九寨沟自然保护区旅游生态系统能值分析

自然保护区旅游可持续发展评价是旅游地理学研究的重要领域。运用能值理论和方法，构建了自然保护区旅游生态系统能值分析模型以及可持续发展分析的能值指标体系。以九寨沟自然保护区为案例地，对九寨沟自然-经济（旅游）-社会的复合系统的能流、物流、货币流进行定量的能值测度。研究表明：① 2010 年九寨沟自然保护区能值的总使用量为4.19×10²⁰ sej，其中可更新能值投入为7.35×10¹⁹ sej，社区居民生活投入为3.47×10¹⁸ sej，旅游投入为3.43×10²⁰ sej，旅游投入占到能值总使用量的81.86%；② 2010 年九寨沟自然保护区旅游产出能值为4.08×10²⁰ sej，生态系统产出为6.26×10²⁰ sej，废弃物产出为2.06×10¹⁹ sej；③ 九寨沟自然保护区的人均能值量、旅游产出率、生态系统产出率均较高，同时环境负载率、废弃物产出率也偏高，九寨沟自然保护区旅游生态系统的可持续发展能力处于中等水平。

An emergy analysis of the tourism ecosystem of Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve

The evaluation of tourism sustainable development of nature reserves is an important field of tourism geography. Tourism is the most developed economic sector in the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve. The aim of this study is to identify the sustainable development level of Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve under rapid growth of tourists in the last 30 years. In order to do this, we estimate the emergy of renewable resources, resident livelihood, tourism investment, tourist activities, ecosystem, waste materials. In addition, some emergy indices are selected and set up to assess sustainable development. The results are shown as follows: (1) In 2010, the total emergy use is 4.19×10²⁰ sej of Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve, in which, renewable resources emergy is 7.35×10¹⁹ sej, and resident livelihood emergy is 3.47×10¹⁸ sej, and tourism investment emergy is 3.43×10²⁰ sej, about 81.86% of the total. (2) In 2010, tourist activities emergy is 4.08×10²⁰ sej, ecosystem emergy is 6.26×10²⁰ sej, and waste materials emergy is 2.06×10¹⁹ sej. (3) The positive indices included emergy per person, tourism yield ratio, ecological system yield ratio are relatively high, while the negative indices included environmental loading ratio and waste yield ratio, are higher too. It is shown that sustainable development of the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve is in moderate level.