黑龙江省与呼伦贝尔盟土地类型的划分及其分布规律

本文就土地研究的几个主要概念,即土地、土地分类、土地分级作了简要讨论,并结合黑龙江省及呼伦贝尔盟的具体条件,对为农、林、牧业服务的土地分类原则进行了初步探讨,还拟订了该区土地分级系统——土地类和土地型,及适合于大比例尺制图的土地组。在此基础上,将全区分为18个土地类、71个土地型。文章还从水平带性、垂直带性和土地结构三个方面,介绍了该区土地类型分布的一般规律。

LAND TYPES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION IN THE HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE AND HULUNBEIER LEAGUE

In this article, taking the Heilongjiang province and Hulunbeier League as a example, some concepts on land study, such as land, land classlification as well as its rule of distribution are discussed.Land or terrain is a physical complex.It is an end product acted by whole physical factors, including climate, landform, hydrography, soil, vegetation etc. It includes also past and present human activities and their impacts upon environment.Based upon specific natural conditions of the Heilongjiang province and Hulunbe-cr League, principles for classifying land types are given. A hierarchical scheme for landclassification in the region are introduced. The first-level land unit is named "great land group" which approximates "land system" as called by Australian CSIRO. The second-level is named "land type", and the third-level, land association that only be studied and mappad in large-scale maps (usually larger than 1:50000).The Heilongjiang province and Hulunbeier League are located at 42°23'N throug-53°34'N, with a total area of about 710,000 sq km. It is situated mostly in the nor them part of the temperate zone. Its northernmost part and areas more than 800-1000m. above-sea-level belong to the cold-temperate zone. By taking landform, soil and vegetation as chief criteria for classification, 18 great land groups and 71 land types are identified.Horizontal and vertical distribution, as well as structure of land types are also discussed.