鲁西南地区村镇聚落空间分异特征及类型划分——以菏泽市为例

村镇聚落空间格局系统认知与分类研究是乡村地域国土空间有效治理和差异化管控的基础,对乡村振兴和新型城镇化战略实施具有支撑作用,鲁西南地区相关研究时代和现实价值凸显。基于菏泽市2018年遥感影像解译数据,综合统计分析和探索性空间数据分析方法,多尺度多维度系统探测村镇聚落空间分异特征,并通过多维特征耦合划分村镇聚落类型。结论如下：① 菏泽市村镇聚落总体表现为点位密度较高、规模普遍偏小、形状普遍规整,国土空间集约整治潜力巨大。② 村镇聚落“三维”（点位、规模、形态）空间格局特征存在尺度差异性。市域尺度“三维”分布特征均存在一定空间异质性,但分异程度不明显;县域尺度“三维”特征空间分异规律多元复杂,表现出以乡镇为单元的局域多样性;乡镇尺度“三维”特征均趋向统一均衡,呈现单中心结构和“同质性”特征。③ 以乡镇为划分单元,基于“三维”特征耦合形成八种村镇聚落类型,并尝试分类提出空间优化和治理建议。

Spatial differentiation characteristics and types classification of rural settlements in southwest Shandong:A case study of Heze city

The systematic cognition and classification research on the spatial pattern of rural settlements is the basis of effective governance and differential arrangements of rural space, which plays a leading role in the implementation of rural revitalization and new-type urbanization strategy. Based on the remote sensing interpretation data of Heze city in 2018, the multi-dimensional spatial differentiation of rural settlements is systematically identified from multi-scale perspective through statistical analysis and exploratory spatial data analysis methods. And, the coupling types of rural settlements are classified based on multi-dimensional characteristics. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) The overall characteristics of rural settlements in Heze city are high density, small scale, regular shape, and great potential for intensive land consolidation. (2) There are scale differences in the three-dimensional (density, scale, shape) spatial pattern characteristics of rural settlements. On the prefecture-level city scale, three-dimensional spatial pattern characteristics have spatial heterogeneity, but the degree of differentiation is not obvious; on the county scale, three-dimensional spatial pattern characteristics are diverse and complex, showing small-scale local diversity with towns as the unit; on the town scale, three-dimensional spatial pattern characteristics tend to be uniform, showing the characteristics of single center structure and "homogeneity". (3) Eight coupling types of rural settlements are classified based on three-dimensional characteristics of each town unit, and some spatial optimization and governance suggestions are put forward.