黄河流域工业生态效率空间分异特征与影响因素

工业生态效率是人地系统耦合状态和水平的重要表征。以黄河流域八省区为实证区域,构建工业生态效率投入产出指标体系,采用Super-SBM模型对地市尺度2006—2016年工业生态效率进行测度,分析其空间分异特征;构建计量模型,从全流域和上中下游等不同尺度,考察工业生态效率的影响因素。结果表明：① 工业生态效率整体呈提升态势,空间上呈自下游向上游递减格局,山东整体最高,河南提升较快,甘肃整体最低;下游城市群和区域中心城市的工业生态效率整体更优。② 工业生态效率具有空间自相关特征,由高-高集聚类型演化为高-高、低-低两种局域集聚类型。2006年高-高集聚类型分布在陕晋蒙交界地区和山东半岛城市群,2016年高-高集聚类型分布于山东半岛城市群、中原城市群和陕西南部,低-低集聚类型集中分布在山西、甘肃。③ 经济发展水平、工业集聚强度、科技投入、经济外向度、环境规制和经济密度对工业生态效率存在正向促进作用,但与中上游相比,下游地区工业集聚强度的影响偏弱,而环境规制的作用更强。④ 提高黄河流域工业生态效率水平,需要进一步提高经济发展水平、工业集聚强度、科技投入和经济外向度,加强环境规制。但要根据上中下游实际采取差异化措施,中上游地区因生态环境脆弱,应将清洁产业的集聚作为发展方向,提升产业集聚正外部性,支持资源型城市的经济结构转型,强化环境规制的约束。

Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the industrial eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin

Industrial eco-efficiency can reflect the coupling state and level of Human-Earth System. Taking the eight provinces of the Yellow River Basin as the study region, this paper constructs the input-output index system of industrial eco-efficiency, and uses Super-SBM model to measure the industrial eco-efficiency at the city scale from 2006 to 2016, and analyzes its spatial differentiation. The econometric model is constructed to examine the influencing factors of industrial eco-efficiency from different scales such as the whole basin and the upper, middle and lower reaches. The results show that: (1) The overall industrial eco-efficiency is on the rise, and it is decreasing from the downstream to the upstream. On the whole, Henan develops faster, Shandong has the highest industrial eco-efficiency, while Gansu has the lowest. The industrial eco-efficiency of urban agglomerations and regional central cities in the lower reaches is overall better (2) Industrial ecoefficiency has spatial autocorrelation characteristics. From high-high agglomeration types evolve into high-high and low-low local agglomeration types. In 2006, High-high types are mainly distributed in Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia border area and Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration. In 2016, High-high types are mainly distributed in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration, Central Plains urban agglomeration and southern Shaanxi, and low-low types are concentrated in Shanxi and Gansu. (3) The level of economic development, industrial agglomeration intensity, scientific and technological input, economic extroversion, environmental regulation and economic density have positive effects on industrial eco-efficiency. However, compared with the middle and upper reaches, the lower reaches is weaker in the impact of industrial agglomeration intensity, while stronger in the effect of environmental regulation. (4) To improve the level of industrial eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin, it is necessary to enhance tthe level of economic development, the intensity of industrial agglomeration, the investment in science and technology and the economic extroversion, and strengthen environmental regulation. However, differentiated measures should be taken according to the actual situation in the upper, middle and lower reaches. As the middle and upper reaches have more fragile eco-environment, we should agglomerate clean industries so as to improve the positive externality of industrial agglomeration, support the economic structure transformation of resource-based cities, and strengthen the constraints of environmental regulations.