南疆近60年来风灾天气及灾度时空变化特征

利用新疆南疆各地州1949～2008年间发生的大风天气所造成的死亡人口、受灾农田面积、经济损失和死亡牲畜资料,评估南疆风灾的灾度及其时空变化特征进行深入分析。分析得出:(1)阿克苏、喀什和巴州重大风灾天气发生次数多,强度大,是风灾防范和灾后救助的重点地区;和田和克州重大风灾天气发生次数少,强度弱,是风灾防范和灾后救助的次重点地区;在4～5月份重大风灾天气发生次数多,持续时间长,而且4～5月份是作物播种和出苗期,大风容易成灾,为此4～5月份是风灾防范和灾后救助的重点季节。(2)重大风灾天气发生次数由20世纪50年代至90年代逐年增长,自21世纪开始略有减少;重大风灾天气在巴州发生次数最多,在60a间为84次,其次喀什75次,阿克苏67次,和田和克州较少。(3)风灾经济损失随着工农业生产总值的增长而增加,而且增长速度比经济增长速度快,建议增加防治风灾投入,改善生态环境,加快退耕还林还草进程,建立减灾系统,加强风灾防治。

The spatio-temporal changes and intensity of gale disasters in Southern Xinjiang in recent 60 years

The spatio-temporal changes and intensity of gale disasters in Southern Xinjiang during 1949-2008 were analyzed using data such as the death toll,the total area of disaster affected farmland,the economic losses and the total number of death beasts which were caused by gale disasters.The results can be shown as follows.(1) The frequency and intensity of gale disasters in Aksu,Kashgar and Bayinholin were bigger than those of other places in southern Xinjiang,therefore,they were the main places for disaster prevention and post-disaster relief.The frequency and intensity of gale disasters in Hotan and Kizilsu were smaller than those in other places,and the secondary main places for disaster prevention and post-disaster relief.In April and May,the frequency of gale disasters was much bigger and the duration of disasters was long,furthermore,April and May were the crop planting and seedling period in this area,and the gale disasters occur more frequently,therefore,April and May were the main periods for disaster prevention and post-disaster relief.(2) The frequency of gale disasters gradually increased from the 1950s to the 1990s,and has decreased since the beginning of the 21st century.The number of gale disasters in Bayinholin is the biggest(84),followed by Kaxgar(75) and Aksu(67),in recent 60 years.The frequency of gale disasters in Hotan and Kizilsu was smaller than that of other places.(3) The economic losses due to gale disasters were positively related with the total output in industrial and agricultural production,and economic losses had a greater impact than the economic growth.It is suggested that the investment for disaster prevention should be increased,the eco-environment of the area should be improved,and the disaster relief systems should be established for strengthening the disaster prevention and control.