用水计划与水价对华北工业企业用水的影响——以河北省为例

工业是仅次于农业的用水大户,其用水的规模、方式和效率直接影响着华北地区总的用水需求。在对华北地区工业企业问卷调查的基础上,就影响企业效益的主要因素、用水计划对企业用水的影响、水费占总成本的比例、企业对目前和未来水价的看法、企业对提高水价的意愿、企业应对水价上涨的策略、企业对节水的态度和采取的节水措施等问题进行了分析。结果表明:用水计划对限制企业的用水有明显的作用;提高水价也有明显促进企业节水的效应。并选择了两个万元产值耗水量差别大的典型企业,对其13年来的用水情况进行了分析,验证了用水计划和水价对企业用水行为的影响效果。

Study on the influences of water plan and water price on water use of industrial enterprises in North China:a field survey on the industrial enterprises in Hebei Province

Water is scarce in North China and the contradiction between water supply and water demand is increasingly distinct.Industrial water use is only less than agriculture's and is listed in the second.The scale,manner and efficiency of water use of industrial enterprises directly influence the total water demand in North China.Based on the questionnaire surveys on industrial enterprises,this article analyzes many questions,such as the main factors which influence enterprises' benefits,the influences of water plan on water use of enterprises,the proportion of water fees to the total costs,the enterprises' views on the present and future water prices,the enterprises' wills on rise of water price,the enterprises' strategies to deal with rise of water price,enterprises' attitudes to water-saving and measures to watersaving,etc.It shows that water plan has an obvious role in restricting water use of enterprises,and that the rise of water price has also obvious effects on promoting enterprises to save more water.We choose two typical enterprises,whose water consumptions of ten thousand yuan production value are discriminated comparatively,and analyze their water use,and validate the influences of water plan and water price on enterprises' behavior of water use.