清代陕南秦巴山地的人类行为及其与环境的关系

对人类行为空间特征认识的不足,是地理学人地关系理论与实践研究的主要障碍。本文以文化、风俗、政策等影响人类行为的人文因素为切入点,运用时空剖面分析法,考察了清代陕南流民空间行为选择的基本取向。结果表明,人类空间选择行为遵循风俗相近原则,而不是地理环境最优原则。追求单位时间上效果最大化是流民行为选择的普遍趋势。人类空间行为的选择性强化了自然差异的等级和水平,不同区域人类行为结果的外部关联性,指出传统的仅从区域内部或某一种人类行为来寻求简单的"人—地"因果关系的缺陷。从系统或流域的观点来考察人类环境行为的相互影响关系,是认识和把握人地关系实质与机理的重要途径。

A preliminary study on the relationship between the human behavior and environment in Qinling-Daba mountain region of southern Shaanxi in Qing Dynasty

The inadequacy in understanding human behavior spatial characteristics is a main obstacle for studying the theories and practice of relationship between man and land in geography.This paper regards human behavioral humanities in influencing culture,customs and policy.factors as to correspond to order,making use of the time-space section analysis method to study the basic mindset of the spatial behavior chosen by flowing people in the Qing Dynasty in southern Shaanxi.The result shows that the human space choice behavior follows the close by principle in customs,rather than superior principle in geographic environment.The general trend of flowing people's behavior chosen is to seek unit time result maximization.The human spatial behavioral choice enhanced the exterior connection of the human behavioral result in different districts and the nature difference in grade and level,and indicated the defect of simple "man-land" cause and effect relation seeking only from the interior of a district or a certain kind of human behavior in a traditional way.Investigating mutually affected relations of the human environmental behavior from the point of view of system or a drainage basin is an important way to uuderstand and grasp the essence and the mechanism of man-land relations.