南京新济洲湿地生态恢复研究

以新济洲湿地为例,研究了长江洲滩湿地生态恢复的内涵,提出了生态恢复工程方案。新济洲湿地位于长江下游南京市江宁区段,由于自然因素和人为因素的影响,该湿地结构和功能发生了明显的变化。通过对新济洲湿地的野外研究,分析了退化湿地生态系统的特征,从湿地生境、生物、结构与功能方面阐述了生态恢复的总体构想,研究了湿地恢复的工程手段与可持续利用模式。新济洲湿地生境恢复包括栖息地、基底、水体和土壤的恢复;湿地生物恢复途径有提高植被覆盖率、控制外来物种和保护野生动植物;湿地结构与功能恢复内容包括生态序列重建,生态系统、湿地景观与生物多样性恢复。湿地恢复的工程手段有景观建设、功能区建设、生态定位站、血吸虫防治、植被移植、防护林和河道整治等;湿地可持续利用模式包括桑基鱼塘、生态农业与生态旅游。

Ecological Restoration for the Wetland of the Xinjizhou Shoals, Nanjing

The plan of ecological restoration of the wetland of the Xinjizhou shoals were studied.The Xinjizhou Shoals wetland lies in lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Nanjing,which is suffering loss and degradation because of the unreasonable change of natural environment and human disturbance. Based on field investigation to the Xinjizhou Shoals wetland,the degradation features of wetland ecosystem were analyzed,and the plan of ecological restoration from wetland living environment,biology,and structure and function perspective were discussed,and studied the engineering methods and sustainability modes of wetland restoration were studied.Living environment restoration in the Xinjizhou Shoals wetland included the habitat,foundation bed,water body and soil restoration;biology restoration had vegetation coverage rate enhancement,exotic species control and wild animals and plants protection;structure and function restoration included wetland eco-island sequence rebuilding,ecosystem,wetland landscape and biodiversity restoration.The engineering approaches of wetland restoration had wetland landscape,functional area,ecological positioning observation,prevention and cure of snail fever,vegetation transplantation,and shelter-forest and river way re-establishment.The wetland sustainability modes included mainly mulberry dyke-fish pond ecosystem,ecological agriculture and eco-tourism.