黄河三角洲滩涂湿地夏季大型底栖动物多样性分析

2008年7月，采用野外取样和室内分离、鉴定相结合的方法，对黄河三角洲滩涂湿地底栖动物进行了调查，并利用物种丰富度指数（Margalef）、物种多样性指数（Shannon-Weiner）、均匀度指数及生态优势度指数对该湿地内4个环境梯度带9类典型生境的大型底栖动物多样性进行了分析。结果表明，黄河三角洲滩涂湿地夏季共发现大型底栖动物36种，8纲28科29属，隶属于节肢动物门、软体动物门及环节动物门；其生物量为节肢动物最高，软体动物次之，环节动物最低。随着河口滩涂湿地从水生生境过渡到旱生生境，大型底栖动物MargMef指数和Shannon—Weiner指数均呈减小趋势，表现为潮间淤泥海滩最高，芦苇（Phragmites arustralis）湿地次之，海防林带最小。均匀度指数的变化范围为0．45～1．00，表现为芦苇湿地最高，潮间淤泥海滩次之，海防林带最低。生态优势度表现为海防林带最高，盐碱滩涂次之，而水生生境的潮间淤泥海滩与芦苇湿地最低。

Biodiversity of Macrobenthos of Estuary Beach Wetland in Yellow River Delta I

By the field investigation and experimental measurenment,the characteristics of macrobenthos were quantified in the Yellow River Delta estuary beach wetland along four gradients and nine sample plots during growing seasons in July, 2008.The species diversity was measured in Yellow River Delta estuary wetland with species abundance, biomass, Margalef species richness, Shannon-Weiner diversity index, eveness index, Pielou's evenness index and a dominance index at each measuring location. The survey results demonstrated that:36 species of macro-invertebrate in Arthropoda , Mollusca and Annelida were found in the study site. They belong to 8 class, 28 families, and 29 genera. The biomass, from high to low, was in the order of Arthropoda, Mollusca and Annelida.The indexes of Margalef and Shannon-Weiner were increasing along with the transition from xeromorphic habitat to hydrophytic habitat in estuary wetland, and these indexes from high to low, were in the order of littoral silt zone, Phragmites australis wetlands, alkali flat beach, coastal protective forest. Eveness indexes were 0.45-1.00, and it from high to low, was in the order of Phragmites australis wetlands, littoral silt zone, alkali flat beach,coastal protective forest. Ecological dominance index of coastal protective forest was the highest, followed by alkali flat beach, littoral silt zone and Phragmites australis wetlands of hydrophytic habitat was the lowest.