珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区湿地分布研究

利用2000～2009年覆盖珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区的MOD09A1和MOD13Q1数据集的相关数据，该保护区1：5万DEM，并结合2008年9月采集的野外湿地数据，进行了基于增强型植被指数（EVI）、改进型调整植被指数（MSAVI）、地表水分指数（LSWI）、海拔和坡度5个参数的保护区湿地分布特征研究。结果表明，珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区的湿地类型主要为河流、湖泊、沼泽和沼泽化草甸；湿地主要分布在海拔4100～4700m且坡度≤4°的佩枯错、浪强错、多布扎等湖泊密集的高原湖盆地区、佩枯错与浪强错之间的平原地带和保护区中部及北部坡度较缓的河谷地区，大部分湿地分布在保护区的实验区内；2000～2008年保护区湿地以季相变化为主，6～9月（湿季）湿地面积约占保护区总面积的11．2％；6～9月湿地面积年际变化幅度小于保护区总面积的0．1％；坡度和海拔是影响保护区湿地空间分布的关键因素和提取该地区湿地空间分布范围的有效参数。

Distribution of Wetlands in Qomolangma National Nature Reserve

Qomolangma National Nature Reserve was established on 18 March 1989, it lays about north latitude from 27°48′ to 29°19′, east longitude from 84°27′ to 88°23′, its total area about 3.4×104 km2. Qomolangma National Nature Reserve and Nepal Sagarmatha National Park located at the south of Qomolangma are 2 highest nature reserves in the world. On March 2005, Qomolangma National Nature Reserve was listed in the global biosphere protected area network. The topography in Qomolangma National Nature Reserve is diversity (the lowest altitude is 1 440 m, the highest is 8 844 m), including plateau lake basin in south Tibet and Himalaya mountains, and there are many key state protection rare, endangered propagation which represent Regional Characteristics. In this area, ecosystem is vulnerable for its vast area and abundant of biodiversity, in which has great scientific potential. Most of wetlands in Qing-Tibet Plateau are high and cold swamp, swampy meadow and lake, they have significant ecology functions such as zoology sluice, water head supply, climate regulation, and they play an important role in avoiding global water crisis. Therefore Qing-Tibet Plateau wetlands are extremely important in global chang research. Some scientists had researched ice, snow, vegetation and atmosphere in the area, but there is few wetlands research about Qomolangma National Nature Reserve by far.