辽宁省滨海湿地类型及生态服务价值研究

基于辽宁省海岸带2005年秋季的Landsat ETM影像解译数据，根据辽宁海岸线湿地发育特点，确定辽宁省滨海湿地类型，计算湿地面积；并应用生态经济学的理论和研究方法，结合相关统计数据，对辽宁省滨海湿地提供的资源供给、环境调节和人文社会3大类共8项生态服务的经济价值进行估算。结果表明，辽宁省滨海湿地总面积为15208．06km2，其中自然湿地和人工湿地面积比例分别为71．49％和28．51％；辽宁省滨海湿地生态服务总价值为443．47×10^8元／a，相当于全省2005年GDP的5．54％。其中滨海湿地的资源供给服务价值最大，为195．86×10^8 t／a，占滨海湿地总价值的44．17％，环境调节服务和人文社会服务价值比例分别为31．79％和24．04％，表明滨海湿地在发挥显著的直接经济效益的同时，还兼具巨大的生态效益和社会效益，对于维系辽宁海岸带环境支撑能力和可持续发展能力，确保辽宁沿海经济带建设国家发展战略的实施具有重要的作用。

Types of Coastal Wetlands and Their Values of Ecosystem Service in Liaoning Province

The types and areas of coastal wetlands in Liaoning province were determined according to the growth characteristics of coastl wetlands based on the interpretation data of the autumnal phase's Landsat ETM portrait of the coastal zone in 2005. The total economic value of ecosystem services in Liaoning province coastal wetlands was estimated with related statistical data and by employing 8 economic parameters which are included in the resource supply, the environment mediation and humanities society according to the theory and research methods of ecological economics. The results showed that the total area of the coastal wetlands in Liaoning province was 15 208.06 km~2, the percentages of natural wetlands and artificial wetlands were 71.49% and 28.51% respectively. In the natural wetland, the shallow waters area is the biggest, accounted for 81.53% of the whole wetland, the beaches and coastal lake's areas are much smaller, accounted for 2.77% and 2.19% respectively, the freshwater lake's area is very small, only accounted for 0.32%. In the artificial wetland, rice field's area is the biggest, accounted for 69.66%, followed by the salt field and the sea water breeding farm, accounted for 23.42%, the reservoir and pond's area accounted for 6.93%. Judged from the wetland's spatial distribution in Liaoning province, there are much more wetland in the cities of Dalian and Panjin than other cities, accounted for 35.29% and 29.45% respectively of the whole Liaoning province, while in Dandong, Yingkou, Jinzhou and Huludao, there are almost the same area of wetland in these 4 cities, the percentages changed between 8.05%～9.77%. The total value of wetland ecosystem services was 443.47×10~8 CNY which was equivalent to 5.54% of the GDP of Liaoning province in 2005. The resources supply function of the coastal wetland possessed the greatest value of 195.86×10~8 CNY which accounted for 44.17% of the total value of wetland ecosystem services. The environment mediation and the humanities society services in the share of the total value were 31.79% and 24.04%, respectively. It indicated that the coastal wetland could not only produce direct economic benefits, but also make great ecological and social benefits. So, the coastal wetland has been playing a great role in maintaining the environment support and sustainable development ability in the coastal zone of Liaoning province, it will also ensure the coastal zone economical construction and the national development strategy implementation.