不同通风方式和加过磷酸钙处理反应器堆肥温室气体排放综合评价(英文)

堆肥可以杀灭病原菌、抑制杂草、缓慢释放养分、改良土壤、保持水分,是农业可持续发展的重要措施。堆肥过程中释放出大量温室气体尤其是甲烷,对全球环境变化产生重要影响。本研究通过量化比较不同堆肥方式下温室气体排放规律和排放量,以期实现减少堆肥堆制过程中温室气体排放的堆放方式。采用静态箱法研究了强制通风加过磷酸钙、强制通风不加过磷酸钙、翻堆通风加过磷酸钙、翻堆通风不加过磷酸钙四种处理的温室气体排放量。76天堆肥结束时,翻堆处理总有机碳降解51%-55%,强制通风降解大约44%。翻堆加过磷酸钙和不加过磷酸钙处理的甲烷排放量分别为15.35和15.27 g Mg-1堆料,高于强制通风处理排放量(加过磷酸钙和不加过磷酸钙处理分别为7.76 g Mg-1堆料和3.22 g Mg-1堆料)。在N2O排放量上,强制通风处理小于0.1%初始含氮量,翻堆处理约为0.1%初始氮。通风和翻堆过程中能量消耗分别相当于3.27、3.4、12.29和11.89 kg CO2-C Mg-1 堆料。过磷酸钙对温室气体排放影响很小,可能是大量秸秆作为堆肥填充料的加入保持了肥堆的高孔隙度和良好的通风条件。因此虽然强制通风堆肥可以节省空间且操作方便 ,在大规模集约化处理畜禽粪便时广泛应用,但翻堆通风由于其低建设成本和低温室气体排放量,以及较高的有机质分解效率,更适宜在我国农村采用。

A Holistic Evaluation of CO2 Equivalent Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Compost Reactors with Aeration and Calcium Superphosphate Addition

Compost provides benefits such as pathogen inactivation,weed suppression,slow release of nutrients,soil improvement,water conservation,and is an advantageous tool in moving towards more sustainable agricultural systems.Lots of greenhouse gases (GHGs) especially CH4 are emitted from the heap during composting process,which play an important role in global warming.The purposes of this study were to quantify and characterize the GHGs emissions,so as to compare and optimize the operation conditions,then to minimize GHGs emissions.We examined GHGs emissions from composting in forced aeration systems and turning systems with or without the addition of calcium superphosphate (CS),using the static chamber method.The compost degraded 51%-55% of initial total carbon (TC) in turning piles,while about 44% in forced aeration piles after 76 days composting.CH4 emissions from turning piles with and without CS were respectively 15.35 and 15.27 g Mg-1 dry material (DM),higher than forced aeration piles (7.76 g Mg-1 DM,with CS,and 3.22 g Mg-1 DM,without CS).N2O emissions were less than 0.1% of initial total nitrogen (TN) in the forced aeration piles,and -0.1% of initial TN in the turning piles.Energy consumption used for treating manure equaled to 3.27,3.4,12.29 and 11.89 kg CO2-C equivalent Mg-1 DM,for turning with CS,turning without CS,forced aeration with CS,forced aeration without CS,respectively.The addition of CS had little effect on GHGs emissions,due to high porosity and adequate aeration caused by large dose of straw as bulking agent.Although forced aeration composting is an intensive technology widely used in large-scale processing of manure wastes for land saving and easy operation,turning aeration may be more appropriate in rural areas of China,considering the less construction cost and greenhouse gas emissions,and its high efficiency in degrading organic carbon.