青藏高原年楚河流域径流变化特征分析

基于青藏高原河流年楚河1961-2000年天然径流量资料,选用Mann-Kendal分析方法和小波分析等方法对年楚河径流变化特征进行研究。结果表明：年楚河流域径流量年际变化相对平稳,年内分配极不均衡。丰水季节与枯水季节径流量相差悬殊,6-9月径流量占全年65%,最大月径流量占全年百分比达24.56%;在1961-2000年中,年楚河径流量呈现显著增加趋势,在1985年左右径流量发生突变性增加;日喀则和江孜两站5-8年左右时间尺度的周期震荡最显著,其次10-15年左右时间尺度的周期震荡也较为显著,两站径流量变化的主周期分别为5年和7年,次周期分别为13和12年。年楚河流域气温升高引起冰川融水增加可能是年楚河径流量增加的主要原因。

Characteristics of Variation in Runoff across the Nyangqu River Basin in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Using annual nature runoff data from 1961–2000 for the Qinghai-Tibet plateau Nyangqu River, the Mann-Kendall method and wavelet transform were adopted to analyse runoff variation characteristics for the Nyangqu River. The results show that the annual change in runoff is relatively stable and that the intra-annual distribution of the runoff is extremely uneven. The disparity in runoff between wet seasons was significant. The runoff for June-September accounted for 65% of the whole year and the highest monthly runoff accounted for 24.56%. From 1961-2000, runoff showed a significant increasing trend with an abrupt increase in 1985. The 5-8 years oscillation period of the runoff was most notable and the 10-15 years period was relatively notable. The principal periods of annual runoff for Shigatse station and Gyantse station were 5a and 7a. The second were 13a and 12 years. Increasing glacial melt water caused by rising temperatures may be the main reason for increased runoff in the Nyangqu River.