土地变化的生态效应研究方法

土地变化研究是全球土地计划(GLP)的重要组成部分,并逐渐演化成新的研究领域——土地变化科学(LCS)。土地变化对陆地生态系统造成了深远影响,其生态效应研究在全球和区域尺度上广泛开展。该文对土地变化的大气、水文、土壤、生物单要素效应及区域综合生态效应的主要研究方法和技术手段进行总结。结果表明,在观测和试验基础上,抽象出数理模型对土地变化的生态效应进行模拟以及定量评价是主要研究方法;借助于多时空尺度模型,土地变化的大气、水文效应研究已经相当深入,但区域综合生态效应的研究还比较薄弱,主要以影响评价为主;建立多元素耦合、多尺度集成的机理模型和综合定量评价是今后发展的重要方向。

Summary of Research Methods on Ecological Effects of Land Change

Land change research,as one of important components of Global Land Project(GLP),has gradually evolved into a new research field named Land Change Science(LCS).Land change has a far-reaching influence on terrestrial ecosystems.A series of researches on ecological effects of land change at global and regional scale have been made.In this paper,the research methods and technical approaches on ecological effects of land change are summarized.The ecological effects of land change on atmosphere,hydrology,soil,biodiversity and integrated environmental effects are included.The results show that,simulation and influence assessment,which are based on observation,investigation and experiment,are the main research methods;with the help of multi-temporal and spatial scale models,effects of land change on single element such as atmosphere and hydrology are deeply studied,while studies on integrated environmental effects are relatively deficient;establishing multi-element coupled and multi-scale integrated models and quantitative evaluation index system are the main develop direction in the future.The problems existed and prospective of research methods in this study area are discussed at last.