多元视野下的海南省临高县海岸带综合评估与深度空间管控探讨

为进一步加强海岸带综合管理，探索更有效的空间管控方法，从各类生态环境敏感性的形成机理出发，通过选取代表性评价指标构建评价模型，综合评估了海南省临高县海岸带生态环境敏感性和地质灾害风险性，并将其与国土规划相结合，对研究区进行了深度空间管控分区分析。结果表明：1）土地荒漠化、土地盐渍化、暴雨洪涝、赤潮、海岸侵蚀均以轻度敏感为主，土壤侵蚀、台风灾害以中度敏感为主，特殊生境、风暴潮和灾害性海浪以高度敏感为主。综合敏感性轻度、中度、高度与极度敏感区面积分别为10 651.28、9 682.11、3 275.29和983.88 hm²，其中高度敏感区以调楼镇分布面积最大，极度敏感区以博厚镇分布最广；2）地质灾害以地震、崩塌、滑坡、地面沉降、砂土液化为主，除地震风险分为风险大区与中等区外，其余4种均只有中等风险区和风险小区，综合风险则有大、中等和小3个分级，其中风险大区主要分布于博厚、东英、波莲与皇桐镇的断裂带两侧各15 m范围区内，总面积为118.86 hm²；3）集生态敏感性、地质灾害风险与国土规划多元视野的海岸带深度空间管控分区，可较好地识别重要保护对象与关键保护区域，并使海岸带获得充分开发与利用。

Comprehensive Assessment and Deep Spatial Management of Coastal Zone in Lingao County,Hainan Province from Multiple Viewpoints

Sensitivity and risk assessments are not only effective methods for disaster prevention and alleviation but are also important bases for scientific spatial planning and regional environmental policy-formulation. To further strengthen the integrated management of coastal zone and explore more efficient methods of ecological space control, ten factors, namely soil erosion, desertification, soil salinization, typhoon disaster, rainstorm and flood disaster, special habitat, storm surge, disastrous wave, coastal erosion, and red tide, were selected to evaluate the eco-environmental sensitivity of the coastal zone in Lingao County, Hainan Province. Earthquake, collapse, landslide, land subsidence, and sand liquefaction were considered in the risk assessment of geological hazards. The results derived from eco-environmental sensitivity and risk assessment of geological hazards were combined with territorial planning to analyze the deep spatial management zoning of the study area. The results indicated that: 1) Desertification, soil salinization, rainstorm and flood disaster, red tide, and coastal erosion were mainly slightly sensitive; soil erosion and typhoon disaster were mainly moderately sensitive; and special habitat, storm surge, and disastrous wave were highly sensitive. The area of moderate, high, and extreme-high comprehensive sensitivity zone was 9 682.11, 3 275.29, and 983.88 hm², respectively. Among them, Diaolou Town had the largest distribution area in the highly sensitive zone, and Bohou Town had the most widely distributed area in the extreme-highly sensitive zone. 2) The main geological hazards were earthquake, collapse, landslide, land subsidence, and sand liquefaction. Except for the seismic risk, which was divided into high-risk zone and middle zone, the other four types only had medium-risk and low-risk zones. The comprehensive risk zones were classified as high, medium, and low, among which the risk areas were mainly distributed in the 15 m area on each side of the fault zone of Bohou, Dongying, Bolian, and Huangtong Town, with a total area of 118.86 hm². 3) The development and utilization of the coastal zone in Lingao County may be divided into three levels. The first level includes specific protected zone, moderate development zone, and intensive development zone. The second level included eight zones, including natural reserves, retention zone, utilization zone in control, agricultural development zone, tourism and leisure zone, public facility zone, residential construction zone, and industrial zone. The third level consisted of 18 tertiary divisions. 4) The deep spatial management zoning of the coastal zone with multiple horizons of ecological sensitivity, geological hazard risk, and territorial planning can better identify important protection objects and key protection areas and enable the coastal zone to be fully developed and utilized. Although this paper attempted to diagnose and identify the intensity and spatial distribution of various eco-environmental sensitivity types in the coastal zone from the views of quantification and visualization, some problems need to be explored further in the process of application, such as index selection, model construction, data acquisition, synergistic influence among different ecological environment sensitivity types, and so on. Moreover, the visual expression of geological hazard formation mechanism in the coastal zone and the commonness and individuality of the quantitative measurement of potential geological hazard risk assessment are also aspects that need to be strengthened.