手机信令数据支撑下广州市过剩通勤及其空间分异格局

利用手机信令数据构建居委会尺度下的职住联系数据库，分析广州过剩通勤及其空间分异格局。研究发现，广州市过剩通勤为76.01%，与国内和西方国家城市相比处于较高水平，说明广州市职住空间组织效率偏低。过剩通勤的空间分异特征主要表现为：功能相对单一的郊区大型工业或房地产集聚区过剩通勤率偏高；传统市中心虽然就业机会集中，但因为高居住成本也出现较高的过剩通勤率；近郊区的特定功能区域，如大学城、偏农业发展型城郊村等区域出现较低的过剩通勤率；快速轨道交通（地铁）建设因降低了居民对通勤距离的敏感度而导致过剩通勤水平的提升，高过剩通勤率空间分布与地铁沿线和地铁站点分布存在一定的空间一致性。提升大城市的职住空间组织效率除需重点考虑提升区域职住空间平衡外，优化城市功能结构、降低住房成本区域差异等也需予以重点考虑。

Excess Commuting and Its Spatial Differentiation Pattern in Guangzhou Supported by Cell Phone Signaling Data

Excess commuting is an important indicator to understand the spatial organization and commuting efficiency of the urban job-housing space. With the advantages of full sample and high precision, cell phone signaling data help describe the urban job-housing relationship and commuting pattern at the micro scale. The job-housing relationship pattern at the micro scale is conducive to a more accurate assessment of urban excess commuting. Using cell phone signaling data to construct a job-housing Origin And Destination (OD) contact matrix of the Residents' Committee, this study analyzes excess commuting and its micro-structure in Guangzhou. This study finds the excess commuting in Guangzhou to be 76.01%, which is relatively high compared with that of other cities in China as well as cities in the West; this indicates that the overall efficiency in job-housing spatial organization is low. From the perspective of local excess commuter rate, there are obvious characteristics of high excess commuter rate at the edge of the region and in the old city, and the distribution of high excess commuter rate has a certain correlation with the direction of subway rail transit. The construction of rail transit tends to reduce residents' sensitivity to commuting distance, which leads to an increase in excess commuting. Simultaneously, large suburban real estate communities and industrial agglomeration areas have a high excess commuting rate because of the relatively single urban function. Although the function of the city center is relatively diversified, it is easy to form a high excess commuting rate due to the impact of high cost of living. In the suburbs of Guangzhou, areas with specific functions, such as University Towns and urban villages, have a lower excess commuting rate and better organizational efficiency in the job-housing space. Relevant public policies to improve the spatial organizational efficiency of job-housing in big cities require not only focusing on improving the balance of regional job-housing but also placing great emphasis on optimizing the urban functional structure and reducing regional differences in housing costs. Excessive single functional development in the suburbs will affect the job-housing balance in the region. Hence, it is necessary to avoid large-scale "sleeping cities" and industrial new towns. The choice of workplace and residential location is often a rational one made based on cost of living and commuting. Reducing regional differences in cost of living is the most important way to eliminate the regional job-housing imbalance. Strengthening the equalization of public service facilities between central urban areas and suburbs, improving the traffic convenience in suburbs, and reducing regional differences in housing prices are important measures to reduce regional differences in cost of living.