土地综合整治对生态系统服务价值的影响——以广东江门沙仔岛为例

以广东省首个土地综合整治示范项目——江门市新会区沙仔岛为例，采用生态系统服务价值法（Ecosystem Service Value Method, ESV），探讨了土地综合整治对研究区生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明：土地整治前后土地利用类型、结构的调整及生态修复措施的实施，是提升沙仔岛生态系统服务价值的重要因素。土地整治后，沙仔岛总体生态服务价值以及经济生产、土壤保护、消浪护岸、生物多样性及栖息地保护价值均有所提升，提升幅度分别为250%、587%、20.2%和182%，而洪水拦蓄的生态服务价值损失87%；在空间分布上，生态系统服务价值及其增幅呈现出北岛>南岛>堤坝外围区域。土地综合整治将土地整治和生态保护修复相结合，有助于提升生态系统服务功能。

Impact of Comprehensive Land Consolidation Rehabilitation on Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of the Shazai Island,Jiangmen, Guangdong Province

The problem of more people and less land and the shortage of cultivated land resources have been a long-term and difficult challenge in China. Comprehensive land consolidation and rehabilitation is an important means to optimize the spatial layout of the land, promote rural revitalization and urban renewal, and realize the integration of urban and rural development. China will promote green development and harmonious coexistence between man and nature in 2021-2025, and the ecological effect evaluation of land consolidation has become one of the hot topics at home and abroad. For a long time, land consolidation and rehabilitation had focused on improving the quality of cultivated land and supporting farmland infrastructure and paid less attention to the impact on ecosystem service value. The research object of this study is Shazai Island, Xinhui District, Jiangmen City, which was the first demonstration project of comprehensive land consolidation and rehabilitation in Guangdong Province. The study employed the ecosystem service value method to explore the impact of comprehensive land consolidation and rehabilitation on the ecosystem service value of the study area. The results showed that the adjustment of land use type and structure before and after comprehensive land consolidation and rehabilitation and the implementation of ecological restoration measures were the key factors in enhancing the ecosystem service value of Shazai Island. After comprehensive land consolidation and rehabilitation, the overall ecosystem service value, economic production, soil protection, wave dissipation and revetment, biodiversity, and habitat protection value of Shazai Island improved by 250%, 587%, 20.2%, and 182%, respectively, while the ecosystem service value of flood regulation and storage decreased by 87%. In terms of spatial distribution, the ecosystem service value and its increase showed the following order: North Island > South Island > periphery of dam area. This study demonstrated that the combination of land consolidation and rehabilitation and ecological protection and restoration could help to improve the ecosystem service function and provide a reference for the evaluation of land consolidation and rehabilitation and ecological restoration.