基于 GIS 的内蒙古半农半牧区地名景观空间分布特征研究

扎鲁特旗地处兴安岭余脉到辽河平原北部，跨中国地形二三阶梯，因各种自然条件所限形 成了南农北牧、中间交叉的农牧交错带。通过以内蒙古扎鲁特旗 3 349 处地名作为考察对象，运用 核密度估计、地理集中指数及冷热点分析等方法对地名景观的空间分布规律和特征进行分析。研 究发现：（1）研究区自然景观地名主要集中在西部及北部丘陵和中、小山地区，地形地貌类地名集 中分布于地形过渡区，即地形起伏较大的地区。水文地名主要分布在相对低海拔地区，与河流大 小关系不明显，呈南北均匀分布，呈现出水资源缺乏的干旱半干旱地区地名分布特征；（2）人文景 观类地名多分布于中部与南部地区，其分布特征看，人文聚落地名与自然水文地名的关系最为密 切，在中部地区随河流带状分布，并且因农业依赖水资源的特征而地表水、地下水富集的相对低海 拔区和滨河地区集中的规律。这也是半农半牧地区聚落分布的特点。（3）人文地名经历从清初的 随机分布到现在的集中分布的过程，大多人文地名在近百年内形成，其中聚落地名从清初的小型 聚落到清末蒙地放垦后初具规模，再发展到现在较有规模的集中聚落。经济、交通、建筑类地名是 上世纪 80 年代以来随工业化、城镇化而逐渐集结。（4）研究区地名整体分布看,影响自然地名的主 要因子是地貌、水文条件、气象气候、地名认知等，而人文地名的分布受自然因素外，还有政策、人 口活动、城镇化与经济发展程度有关。

Spatial distribution of place-names in farming-pastoral region based on GIS: A case study of Jarud Banner,Inner Mongolia

The Jarud Banner is located in the fringe of the Hinggan Mountains to the north of Liaohe Plain, and it crosses the second and third steps of the Chinese terrain. Due to the limitation of various natural conditions, the southern region is the farming area, the northern region is the pastoral area, while the central region is the farming- pastoral ecotone. This paper takes 3 349 place names in Jarud Banner, Inner Mongolia, China as the investigation object. It applies methods of kernel density estimation, geographic concentration index, cold and hot spot analysis, etc. to analyze the spatial distribution rules and characteristics of the toponymy landscapes. Research results reveal that: (1) In the study regions, the natural landscape place names are mainly concentrated in the west, north hills, middle, and small mountains regions. Landform place names are concentrated in terrain transition zone, namely areas with great fluctuation landform. Hydrological place names are mainly distributed in relatively low altitude region and have no obvious relationship with the size of rivers. They evenly distribute from south to north and show the place names distribution of arid and semi-arid region with water shortage. (2) The human landscape place names are mostly distributed in midland and south region. In terms of the distribution characteristics, human settlements place names have the closest relationship with natural hydrological place name. They show zonal distribution in the midland with reverse and depend on water resources because of the agriculture. Moreover, the rule of surface water and groundwater are concentrated in low altitude region and riverside region. These are also the characteristics of the settlement distribution in farming- pastoral region. (3) The human place name has gone through the process of random distribution from the early Qing Dynasty to modern centralized distribution. Most human place names are formed in the last 100 a. The settlements place names begun to take shape from the small settlements in the early Qing Dynasty to the land liberated in the late Qing Dynasty. They then develop to the current centralized distribution of scale. The place names of economy, transportation, and architecture have been gradually gathered with industrialization and urbanization since the 1980s. (4) In terms of the overall distribution of the study regions, the natural place name distribution is more affected by factors such as climate, terrain, rivers, place names recognition, and etc. However, in additional to the natural factors, the human place name distribution is related to politics, population activities, urbanization, and degree of economic development.