甘肃省水资源生态足迹和生态承载力时空特征

基于水资源生态足迹模型，核算了甘肃全省及 14 个市（州）2003—2017 年的水资源生态足 迹和生态承载力，在此基础上计算出其生态盈亏和生态足迹强度，并对其时空变化特征进行分 析。结果表明：（1）2003—2017 年甘肃省水资源生态足迹远大于生态承载力，导致水资源处于生态 赤字状态，但水资源生态足迹总体上呈缓慢下降趋势，水资源生态承载力呈波动上升态势，生态赤 字的变化趋势与生态承载力基本一致，而水资源生态足迹强度呈逐年下降趋势，说明甘肃省水资 源利用效率不断提高，供需矛盾有所缓解；（2）生产用水尤其是农业用水是最大的足迹账户，且呈 下降趋势；生态用水足迹虽然占比很低，但呈快速增长态势，用水结构趋向合理；（3）水资源生态足 迹的区域差异明显，整体上呈现从西北向东南递减的分布趋势。水资源生态足迹强度的区域差异 也较大，但呈缩小的态势；（4）水资源生态承载力的区域差异也十分显著，其高水平区和较高水平 区空间分布相对稳定，呈现出向低值区发展的趋势；（5）水土资源匹配不合理，土地资源少而分散 的甘南高原和陇南山地水资源生态盈余较大，而土地资源丰富的河西地区水资源生态赤字严重。

Spatio-temporal characteristics of ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of water resources in Gansu Province

Based on the ecological footprint model of water resources, the ecological footprint and carrying capacity of water resources from 2003 to 2017 in Gansu Province and that of 14 cities (prefectures) in 2003, 2010, and 2017 were calculated. The deficit and intensity of ecological footprint were determined and the characteristics of spatial- temporal evolution were analyzed. The results show as follows: (1) From 2003 to 2017, the ecological footprint of water resources in Gansu Province was much larger than the ecological carrying capacity, which led to the ecological deficit of water resources. However, the ecological footprint of water resources generally showed a slow downward trend, and the ecological carrying capacity of water resources fluctuated and rose. The changing trend of ecological deficit was basically consistent with the ecological carrying capacity. However, the intensity of ecological footprint of water resources showed a downward trend yearly, which indicated that the efficiency of water resources utilization in Gansu Province was constantly improving and that the contradiction between supply and demand was alleviated. (2) Production water, especially agricultural water was the largest footprint account, but it showed a downward trend. Although the proportion of ecological water footprint was very low, it showed a rapid growth trend and the water utilization structure tended to be reasonable. (3) The regional difference of ecological footprint of water resources was obvious, and the distribution trend decreased from northwest to southeast as a whole. The regional difference of ecological footprint intensity of water resources was also large, but it showed a decreasing trend with the change of time. (4) The regional difference of ecological carrying capacity of water resources was also very significant. The spatial distribution of the highest- level area and the higher- level area was stable, and the overall development trend to the low value area was shown. (5) Soil and water resources were not matched reasonably, the economy was relatively backward, and the ecological surplus of water resources in Gannan Plateau and Longnan Mountain with few and scattered land resources was large. However, the ecological deficit of water resources in Hexi area, which was rich in land resources, was serious.