祁连山林草复合流域灌木林水文生态功能研究

对祁连山林草复合流域5种主要灌木林的水文生态功能进行了研究。结果表明：（1）5种灌木林林冠平均截留率的大小范围为6.98%～22.45%；（2）5种灌木枯落物的最大持水率均为自身重量的1.6～4.0倍，枯落物最大持水量和有效持水量分别为23.83～134.95 t/hm2和17.25～83.62 t/hm²；（3）土壤的最大持水量及有效持水量都随土壤深度的增加而不断下降，与土壤的总孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度的变化规律相一致；土壤的最大持水量和有效持水量分别为3 090.96～4 460.82 t/hm²和680.68～1 328.82 t/hm²；（4）各灌木林地土壤表层的稳渗率变化范围为8.88～141.67 mm/min，前30 min累计入渗量的变化幅度为338.25～4 718.34 mm；（5）5种灌木林地总蓄水量大小经综合评价依次为：吉拉柳灌丛>鲜黄小檗灌丛>箭叶锦鸡儿灌丛>金露梅灌丛>甘青锦鸡儿灌丛。

Shrubbery eco-hydrological effect of forest-grass catchment of Qilian Mountains

From the ecological roles of the canopy layer，litter layer and soil layer，the paper probed into the eco-hydrological effects of five kinds’ main shrubbery in the forest grass catchment of the Qilian Mountains. The results show as follows：（1）during rainy season，the average interception rates are as follows：Berberis dasystachya 22.46%，Salix gilasnanica 20.48%，Caragana jubata 16.76%，Potentilla fruticosa 10.42%，Caragana tangutica 6.96%.
（2）The maximum water holding rates of five kinds shrubbery’s litter are 1.6～4.0 times of five kinds shrubbery litter’s theirs weights；their maximum water holding amounts and maximum available water holding amounts are 23.83～134.95 t·hm^-2 and 17.25～83.62 t·hm^-2. （3）The soil maximum and available water holding amounts decrease with the increase in soil depth，they are 2 354.50～3 409.00 t·hm^-2 and 518.5～1015.50 t·hm^-2，respectively. （4） The mantle steady infiltration rates of various shrubbery land soils variate in the range of 7.88～96.01 mm·min^-1，the maximum belongs to Salix gilasnanica] of 96.01 mm·min^-1，then belonging to Caragana jubata，Berberis dasystachya，Berberis dasystachya and Caragana tangutica. （5）The capability of five kinds shrubbery’s water conservation is ranged according to their magnitudes as follows：Salix gilasnanica>Berberis dasystachya>Caragana jubata>Potentilla fruticosa>Caragana tangutica. Among them，Salix gilasnanica] and Berberis dasystachya’s capabilities are near or more than that of Picea crassofolia，]which indicates that the shrubbery forest has stronger eco-hydrological function.