乌鲁木齐市城区和郊区气温分布及廓线特征

利用乌鲁木齐市5座100 m气象塔10层气温观测资料，通过统计方法详细分析了乌鲁木齐市城区和郊区近地层不同高度气温季节变化和日变化特征。研究表明：乌鲁木齐市四季均存在逆温，北郊逆温最明显。近地层100 m内主城区气温日较差较小，约为3.5～5.5 ℃；郊区气温日较差较大，约为4.2～7.0 ℃。夏季郊区气温高于城区，冬季北郊气温最低、南郊最高；白天大气基本上为超绝热不稳定状态，夜间城区气温高于郊区。春、秋季，白天城区和郊区温差小、夜间大，且愈近地面温差愈大；春季城区与南郊温差可达2.4 ℃、秋季可达3 ℃。城区和郊区各季节各层最高气温与最低气温出现时间几乎不同步达到。夏季、秋季、冬季和春季最高气温分别约在17:00～18:10、16:00～17:20、14:30～15:50（北郊滞后1.5 h）、17:00～18:00（南郊提前1.5 h）出现，最低气温分别约在7:10～8:20、8:00～9:00、冬季为多个时段（这与出现逆温有关）、7:30～8:40出现。

Characteristics of temperature distribution and profiles in Urumqi City and its suburb

The 10-layer air temperature data collected from five 100-meter-high meteorological towers in Urumqi City, Xinjiang, China were used to analyze the characteristics of the seasonal variation and diurnal variation of the air temperature of Urumqi City and its suburbs and to construct the air temperature profile. The results show that in Urumqi, there are obvious temperature inversions in all seasons, especially in the northern suburbs. In the surface layer with the height of 100 m the diurnal temperature range is small (from 3.5 to 5.5 ℃) in the main urban area, while is relatively large (from 4.2 to 7.0 ℃) in the suburbs. In summer, the air temperature is higher in the suburbs than that in the urban. While in winter, the temperature is the lowest in the northern suburbs, but the highest in the southern suburbs. In the daytime, the atmosphere shows basically a super-adiabatic instability. The air temperature in the urban area is higher than that of the suburbs at night. In spring and autumn, the air temperature difference between urban and suburb is big at night (but small in the day time).The closer it is to the ground, the bigger the difference is. The temperature between the urban area and the south suburb is 2.4 ℃ in spring, and 3 ℃ in and autumn. The highest temperature and lowest air temperature did not achieve simultaneously in all seasons in the urban area and in the rural areas. The highest temperature appears in the period from 17:00 PM to 18:10 PM, from 16:00 PM to 17:20 PM, from 14:30 PM to 15:50 PM (it lags 1.5 hours in north suburbs), and from 17:00 PM to 18:00 PM (it appears ahead of 1.5 hours in south suburbs) in summer, autumn, winter and spring respectively. The minimum value of air temperature appears in the period from 7:10 AM to 8:20 AM, from 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM, multiple time periods, and from 7:30 AM to 8:40 AM in summer, autumn, winter and spring respectively.