北美洲干旱灾害应对策略及其对中国的启示

在全球气候变化背景下,各地极端气候事件有上升趋势。其中以洪涝和干旱灾害对人类生活的影响最大、最频繁。在长期应对干旱灾害的经历中,北美洲各国逐渐形成了较为完善的干旱灾害应对模式,通过立法、风险管理、制定干旱计划、工程措施与非工程措施相结合等多种手段降低干旱灾害带来的损失。通过文献查阅与综述方法,结合北美洲国家相关网站介绍...

Response to drought disaster in North America and their experiences to China

In the context of global climate change,extreme weather events are growing up.Among them,the flood and drought disasters influence our life most deeply.There are various climate types over North America,and its latitude location and sea-land position are generally similar to Eurasia.Besides,most places over North America locate in the arid areas.With the growing impact drought made in the whole world,increasingly attention turns to reducing the risk of drought disasters-through a variety of mitigation actions and plans to improve the operational capabilities,in order to reduce the risk of drought events.At present,the general trend of the international drought management evolves from the passive emergency drought-resistant and crisis management to the proactive risk management.In the long-term response to drought disasters,North America countries evolved fairly complete coping strategies against drought disasters-through legislation,drought risk management,drought planning,engineering /non-engineering measures,drought subsidies and insurance,water-saving management in drought period,national integrated drought information system and other means to reduce the losses caused by drought.Facing up to the serious drought situation,the action policy in China which puts much emphasis on drought-resistant rather than drought prevention shows its drawback gradually,and becomes difficult to meet the demand of drought-resistant in the new period.This paper mainly used document searching and reviewing,combining some websites information of North America droughts to introduce the drought condition,then analyzed the main causes of the droughts and summed up their responding experiences,coming up with some advises specific to the lack of drought management in China,in order to put forward ideas and inspiration on risk management and mitigation measures in China.The primary enlightenments are as follows:(1)Transforming the passive drought-resistant-oriented management mode in the past to the proactive drought risk management gradually is the main trend in China to respond to drought disaster.(2)To strengthen the construction of drought risk management in China-as to the macroscopic level,we should pay attention to the construction of drought legislation,drought management institute,drought prevention programs,national drought information system,material reserve of drought-resistant,water-saving management in drought period and the system of drought-resistant service.On the part of the micro-level,the details of the drought risk management must be spread out and put into practice in terms of legislation,economy,administration and other patterns.The concrete measures must be taken to regulate drought risk management.(3) On the one hand,we should improve water resources planning and management,on the other hand,making some suggestions on hydraulic engineering project in reason is also imperative.(4)Promoting the comprehensive utilization of economy,legislation,administration,technology and other ways to manage and complete drought-resistant work.(5)To enhance the basic research on drought disasters.For one thing,the conclusion of this paper is based on a large number of related drought researches,for another,it took the actual situation of our country into consideration.In general,the study and conclusion of this paper has some practical significance in drought risk management and comprehensive response to drought disasters in China.