兰州市职住空间组织特征

以兰州市为实证研究对象，基于2010年兰州市内1 500份家庭调查问卷数据基础上，利用地理信息系统技术，对兰州市居民的职住空间组织特征进行实证研究。研究发现兰州市居民的居住地和就业地之间的平均距离为2.34 km，有一半居民的通勤距离在1 km内，和北京、上海、广州等东部大城市相比，兰州市的通勤距离比较短，还没有出现类似东部大城市的职住分离比较突出的现象。兰州市作为多中心、带状组团城市，各组团内部就业与居住基本平衡，居民通勤多以本组团内部的通勤行为为主，没有出现大规模的跨区通勤，各组团居民的通勤行为具有“近多远少”特点。各组团职住空间特征存在明显的差异,城关区和安宁区的平均通勤距离较短，七里河和西固区的平均通勤距离较长。职住空间组织特征与城市中居住功能和就业功能的空间差异有关。城关区属于单向外来通勤流为主的区域、七里河区属于双向通勤流比较平衡的区域、安宁区和西固区属于单向外出通勤流为主的区域。

Characteristics of jobs-housing spatial organization in Lanzhou City

Since the reform and opening up,with the deepening reform of urban land and housing market,the process of rapid suburbanization and urban sprawl as well as the disintegration of danwei institution,dramatic changes have taken place in jobs-housing spatial organization in big cities of eastern China,such as Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou et al,which have already led to transportation problem and changes in urban commuting pattern.Because all studies on the characteristics of jobs-housing space focus on the big cities of eastern China,there is no detailed investigation for the big cities of western China which belongs to undeveloped areas.This paper chooses Lanzhou City which situated in western China as a case to study its characteristics of jobs-housing space.So,it is interesting to compare the jobs-housing space in Lanzhou City with that in big cities of eastern China.It is also interesting to find out if the problem of the separation between jobs and residential locations in Lanzhou City is as serious as that in big cities of eastern China.This research has important meanings in guiding the city department of urban planning to pay more attention to the jobs-housing balance in the future.Such study also builds a bridge between commuting research and urban internal structure study,and offers a dynamic angle for further research.The study is based on the questionnaire answered by nearly 2 500 people in 2010,and then use GIS technology to calculate straight-line distance between job and housing places as commuting distance.Based on the case study,we find that the average commuting distance is 2.34 km,and half of the commuters travel less than 1 km.This suggests that the average commuting distance in Lanzhou City is much shorter than that in big cities of eastern China;therefore the problem of separation between jobs and residential locations is not serious.Lanzhou City,as a multi-center linear group city,has achieved the balance between jobs and residential locations in every group.Most of residents commute in the group where they live,so the commuting distance is not very long.The characteristics of jobs-housing spatial organization vary from group to group.The average commuting distance is shorter in Chengguan and Anning districts,but it is longer in Qilihe and Xigu districts.The difference of jobs-housing spatial locations accounts for the characteristics of commuting flows in the city.The main commuters flows are inward in Chengguan district.The flows of the commuters achieve a bidirectional balance in Qilihe district.Outward flows are the main commuter flows in Anning and Xigu districts,although there are inward flows at the same time.