黄河流域城市化与生态系统服务价值协调性及障碍因素研究

关注生态系统服务价值（Ecosystem service value,ESV）与城市化耦合协调互动关系,对黄河流域高质量发展大有裨益。文章运用熵权法、耦合协调模型、空间自相关模型,障碍度模型分析了城市化与ESV的耦合协调关系及主导障碍因素。结果表明:（1） 1995—2018年,黄河流域ESV发生了很大的改善,整体增加了33.05×10⁹元,且以调节服务为主导,草地、林地、耕地服务价值对总ESV贡献率较高。单位面积生态系统服务价值（PE）呈现南高北低、中游高上下游低的空间格局。（2） PE与城市化耦合协调度（Coupling coordination degree,CCD）逐渐改善,轻度耦合协调增加了27.12%,严重失调类型减少了45.46%,耦合亚型从城市化滞后型转变为ESV滞后型;从空间上看,CCD呈现南高北低、中游优于上游和下游的空间格局,协调度具有显著的空间正相关性,存在明显的高-高和低-低集聚特征,高-高集聚区主要分布在ESV高且城市化水平相对较高的中游和下游地区,低-低集聚区主要分布在ESV较低的上游地区。（3） 1995—2018年主导障碍因素未发生明显改变,ESV系统以调节服务为主,而城市化系统以经济子系统和社会子系统为主。基于此,应厘清ESV和城市化耦合协调关系,关注城市化进程对区域生态系统服务能力和生态安全格局的影响,实现流域整体优质协调发展。

Coordination and obstacle factors of urbanization and ecosystem service value in the Yellow River Basin

Investigating the coordinated and interactive relationship between ecosystem service value (ESV) and urbanization is beneficial for the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, China. This study uses entropy method, coupling coordination model, spatial autocorrelation model, and obstacle degree model to analyze the coupling coordination relationship between urbanization and ESV and identify dominant obstacle factors. Results show the following: (1) From 1995 to 2018, the ESV of the Yellow River Basin greatly improved, with an overall increase of 33.05×10⁹ yuan RMB, and is dominated by regulating services. The service value of grassland, woodland, and cultivated land has a higher contribution rate to the total ESV. The ESV per unit area (PE) presents a high and low spatial pattern in the south and north, respectively; further, the spatial pattern in the midstream is high and that in the upstream and downstream is low. (2) The coupling coordination degree (CCD) of PE and urbanization gradually improves, but it still exhibits an overall low level of coupling coordination. Light coupling coordination increases by 27.12%, serious disorder significantly decreases by 45.46%, and the coupling subtype develops from urbanization lagging to ESV lagging. Furthermore, the CCD shows a spatial pattern of high in the south and low in the north, with the midstream being superior to the upstream and downstream areas. The coordination degree has a significant positive spatial correlation, and an obvious high-high and low-low agglomeration characteristics are observed. The high-high agglomeration areas are mainly distributed in the middle reaches and downstream areas with high ESV and relatively high urbanization level, and the low-low agglomeration areas are mainly distributed in the upstream areas with low ESV. (3) The dominant barrier factors did not change significantly from 1995 to 2018; the ESV is dominated by regulating services, while the urbanization system is dominated by the economic and social subsystems. On the basis of these findings, the coupled and coordinated relationship between ESV and urbanization should be clarified and the impact of the urbanization process on ecosystem services and ecological security should be focused on for ensuring the overall quality and coordinated development of the Yellow River Basin.