内蒙古草地资源的生态足迹及其可持续利用分析

可持续性可通过区域生态足迹水平进行衡量。采用净初级生产力构建了内蒙古各盟（市）草地资源的均衡因子和产量因子。以每5 a为一期，测算了内蒙古草地1990—2020年的生态足迹，并结合人口分布数据刻画了生态足迹的空间分布状况；在此基础上应用土地可持续模型评价了内蒙古草地资源的可持续性。结果表明：（1） 内蒙古各盟（市）草地的产量因子差异较大，整体呈东高西低的特点。（2） 生态承载力在空间上也呈东高西低特点，30 a人均生态承载力整体呈小幅度下降趋势。（3） 人均生态足迹逐期上升，2000—2005年由生态盈余转变为生态赤字。生态足迹较高的区域集中在通辽市、锡林浩特市、二连浩特市、乌兰察布市南部和鄂尔多斯市东部地区。（4） 内蒙古草地资源可持续性逐期下降，由1990年的中度可持续性退化为2020年的弱不可持续性。可持续性退化严重的区域集中在呼和浩特市、包头市和乌海市。研究结果旨在为内蒙古草地资源的可持续利用提供可靠的理论基础。

Ecological footprint and sustainable utilization of grassland resources in Inner Mongolia

The ecological footprint model is widely used in regional sustainability evaluation. In this study, net primary productivity was used to construct the equivalence and yield factors of grassland resources in 12 cities in Inner Mongolia, China. Then, the ecological footprint and carrying capacity of grassland resources at five-year intervals for seven periods from 1990 to 2020 in the province and city scales were assessed. Combined with the population density, this study described the spatial distribution pattern of ecological footprint. Finally, this study evaluated the temporal and spatial changes in grassland sustainability in Inner Mongolia using a land-use sustainability model. The results showed that the yield factor of grassland in Inner Mongolia differed and decreased from east to west. The ecological carrying capacity also decreased from east to west. In the last 30 years, the per capita ecological carrying capacity has exhibited a slight downward trend, whereas the per capita ecological footprint has exhibited a gradually increasing trend, resulting in the transition from an ecological surplus to an ecological deficit between 2000 and 2005. High ecological footprints were concentrated in the Tongliao, Xilinhot, Erenhot, southern Ulanqab, and eastern Erdos cities. The sustainability of grassland resources in Inner Mongolia decreased gradually, from strong sustainability in 1990 to weak unsustainability in 2020. Areas with severe sustainability degradation are concentrated in the Hohhot, Baotou, and Wuhai cities. The findings of this study can serve as a reliable theoretical basis for the protection and sustainable development of grassland resources in Inner Mongolia.