科技支撑新疆塔里木河流域生态修复及可持续管理

塔里木河流域地处我国西北新疆，面积约102×10⁴ km²，是我国丝绸之路经济带建设的核心区。在过去50 a里，塔里木河流域经历了大规模的水土资源开发，经济社会发展的同时，河道断流，湖泊干涸，沙漠化加剧，生物多样性受损，生态隐忧日益加剧，已威胁塔里木河流域绿洲经济发展和社会稳定，严重影响国家"丝绸之路经济带"建设。荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室针对塔里木河流域的生态环境问题，开展了长期的生态监测与科学研究，基于多年监测调查数据，解析了塔里木河荒漠河岸林植被与地下水的关系，揭示了生态系统退化过程和机理，提出了塔里木河下游合理/胁迫/临界地下水位与流域生态需水量，研发提出的退化生态系统修复重建关键技术得到推广应用；提出的重点生态工程建设方案，被纳入《南疆水利规划》；提出的流域水资源管理建议被国家采纳并实施。科技支撑塔里木河流域生态修复及可持续管理，为丝绸之路经济带生态文明建设提供了重要科学依据和示范样板。

Science in supporting the ecological restoration and sustainable development of the Tarim River Basin

Located in the northwest Xinjiang,China,the Tarim River Basin with an area of about 102×10⁴ km² is the heart of China's Silk Road Economic Belt. During the past 50 years,the Tarim River Basin has experienced extensive development of water and soil resources.Along with the economic and social development,negative ecological effects including terminated rivers,dried-up lakes,intensified desertification,and loss of biodiversity have been aggravated,threatening the socio-economic development of the Tarim River Basin and the Silk Road Economic Belt.Given these ecological issues in the Tarim River Basin,the State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology has carried out long-term ecological monitoring and investigation.Based on the monitoring data and extensive investigation,the dependence of the desert riparian vegetation on groundwater level was illustrated,the degradation processes of the ecosystem were revealed,and reasonable/stressed/critical groundwater level and ecological water demand were proposed in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.In addition,the key technologies for ecological restoration and reconstruction of the degraded ecosystems were proposed,promoted and applied widely.The proposed construction plan for key eco-engineering was included in the Water Resources Planning in Southern Xinjiang implemented by the government of Xinjiang.Recommendations on water resources management have been adopted and implemented by the state.Science and technology can effectively support the ecological restoration and sustainable management of the Tarim River Basin,providing an important scientific basis and demonstration model for the ecological civilization construction along the Silk Road Economic Belt.