天山北坡中段草地类型的生态梯度组合格局与环境分析研究

通过对天山北坡中段草地类型的野外调查,利用典范主分量分析法(CCA)分析草地植物群落的垂直分布格局,研究了环境因子与草地群落之间的关系。结果表明:天山北坡中段草地类型沿生态梯度的排序分析结果与群落的实际分布情况是相吻合的,CCA排序给出了两个显著与主导的生态梯度,即热量梯度与湿度梯度。CCA第一轴反映了热量由低到高的梯度变化,而CCA第二轴与降水量有密切相关。正是这两个水热因子的复合梯度决定了天山北坡中段草地类型及其在空间上的地理分布。在热量梯度上是从高寒草甸、亚高山草甸、山地草甸、山地草甸草原、山地草原、山地荒漠草原、最终到山地荒漠。在湿度梯度上则是由旱生的荒漠植被到中生的草原植被过渡到草甸植被的过程。由CCA排序图,还能较好地反映草地群落的结构梯度。47个主要优势种有着各自不同的分布和分布范围,这与它们的生物、生态学特性有着密切的关系,是环境因素综合作用的结果,反映草地类型和环境因子之间的相互制约关系。

Grassl and types with environmental relations in middle zone of northern slop of Tianshan Mountains

The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) methods were used to study the distribution patterns of 47 grassland dominant speices in 16 sites with of 10 environmental factors in the middle part of northern slop of TianShan.CCA results showed that the ordination analyzing method used here for handling the ecological data of and grassland types with great ecological diversity is highly efficient.Many factors worked together on population distributions in vegetation areas,but annual rainfall,annual average were the most important factors.This conclusion explained why there was different grassland types where landforms were similar in the middle part of northern slop of TianShan Mountains.