广州市银行业的空间布局特征与模式

以广州都市区2013年全部类别银行的1 637个银行网点为基本数据,利用平均最邻近距离、核密度函数、缓冲区分析、空间模式提炼等方法探索广州市银行业的空间布局特征及其类别差异,总结其空间分异模式。结果表明：① 广州市银行业空间不均衡性布局显著,并呈现中心集聚特征;② 不同类型银行的分布特征差异显著。国有商业银行的服务便利性和数量等级高,网点密度大,构成了广州市银行业的主体;③ 广州市银行业布局总体呈现由中心向外围逐渐递减的“圈层+扇形”空间模式。其中,核心商圈是银行业高度集聚区,中心城区密度递减最为显著,近郊区密度最低;④ 不同类型银行的空间密度模式差异显著。国有商业银行、全国性股份制银行和城市商业银行分别呈现由中心到外围非均匀递减的倒“S”型、“L”型和“阶梯型”曲线模式。外资港资银行呈现为核心商圈集聚模式。农村商业银行为均质的“一”字型直线模式。

The Spatial Layout Features and Patterns of Banking Industry in Guangzhou City,China

In this article, based on the average nearest neighbor method, kernel density function, buffer analysis and spatial pattern extraction method, we explore the characteristics of spatial layout and class differences of the banking industry in Guangzhou City and summarize its spatial differentiation model. All of the data are from 1 637 banking outlets distributed in Guangzhou metropolitan areas. The results are shown as follows: 1) The spatial layout of Guangzhou banking shows a significant imbalance and center cluster characteristic. 2) Significant difference is found in distribution characteristics of different types of banks. State-owned commercial bank constitutes the main body of the banking sector in Guangzhou for its convenient service, enormous quantity, high dot density and high grade. 3) The quantity of bank outlets has diminished gradually from the city center to the periphery and shows a ‘circle layer + fan shaped’ space model: the core commercial circle is banking highly concentrated area, the city center is the most significant regional banking density decrease area and the least number of bank is located in the suburb. 4) Different types of banks have different spatial density model. The spatial density of state-owned commercial banks, national joint-stock banks and city commercial banks present non-uniform decline from center to the periphery, and respectively show inverted ‘S’ type, ‘L’ type and ‘ladder’ type curve model. Foreign funded banks and Hong Kong funded banks present a core business agglomeration mode, while the rural commercial bank presents a homogeneous linear model.