中国工业废气排放的空间特征及其影响因素研究

基于2000~2012年中国31个省（市、自治区）面板数据,运用探索性空间数据分析方法对中国工业废气排放的空间分布特征进行研究,结果显示中国各省域（不含港澳台）工业废气排放存在显著的空间自相关和空间集聚效应;总体呈现东部、西部地区集聚的空间分布特征,其中东部多为高-高集聚区、西部则多为低-低集聚区,并且高值集聚现象的显著性逐渐增强,显著区域呈持续扩张趋势。在此基础上,以STIRPAT模型为基础构建空间计量模型,分析经济发展、人口规模、产业结构、技术水平和国家政策等因素对工业废气排放量的影响。研究结果表明,中国各省域工业废气排放存在空间依赖作用和正的空间溢出效应;经济发展、产业结构与工业废气排放之间呈现显著的正相关关系;技术进步和国家政策对工业废气排放具有抑制作用,而人口增长对工业废气排放的影响并不显著。

Spatial Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Industrial Waste Gas Emission in China

By taking the panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2000 to 2012 as the samples, this article explores the spatial distribution characteristics of industrial waste gas emission by applying the method of exploratory spatial data analysis including the global Moran’s I, Moran scatter plot and local indicators of spatial association. The results of Moran’s I statistics and Moran scatter plot show that, industrial waste gas emission of China’s provinces and cities (excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) exist significantly spatial autocorrelation and spatial agglomeration effect from 2000 to 2012. Meanwhile, in the light of LISA cluster map of China’s provincial industrial waste gas emission, as a whole the eastern and western regions of China mainly display the spatial agglomeration characteristics. The provinces and cities with HH(high-high) agglomeration pattern are basically concentrated in the eastern district, but the provinces and cities with LL(low-low) agglomeration effect are largely located in the west of China. Besides, from 2000 to 2012 the significance of high-high cluster is gradually strengthened and the significant regions are appearing an enhanced tendency with the time. By means of the analysis on spatial characteristics of Chinese provincial industrial waste gas emission, the spatial autocorrelation effect of industrial waste gas emission is confirmed and the spatial econometric model can be established to study the influencing factors of industrial waste gas emission in China. Based on the STIRPAT model, this article constructs a spatial econometric model to analyze the effect of economic development, population, industrial structure, scientific and technological progress and national policy to industrial waste gas emission in China. Through the study on principal influencing factors of China’s industrial waste gas emission, the experience support to reducing industrial waste gas emission and developing coordinately with economy and environment can be provided. The spatial econometric results demonstrate that industrial waste gas emission of 31 provinces and cities in China present the evident spatial dependence and positive spillover effects. The economic development and industrial structure are positively and significantly correlated with industrial waste gas emission of China. Technical progress and national policy have preventing abilities to industrial waste gas emission in China. However, population factor does not have a significant effect on China’s industrial waste gas emission. In the future, it is still necessary to continuously improve the level of industrial science and technology, adjust industry structure, enhance and promote the regional cooperation mechanism, and so on.