北京城市居民的空间感知与意象空间结构

对北京城市居民的空间感知进行了问卷调查，从323份感知地图中提取和统计相关数据，并据此分析北京城市居民空间感知的基本类型、构成和发展阶段，以及各种差异性特征。研究表明，北京城市居民的空间感知类型与西方的研究结果大体一致，但存在一定差异；居民居住地域、性别、学历、收入以及出生地的不同，感知地图类型的级别也不相同。感知空间的构成要素在居住地域、年龄、收入和出生地方面差异明显，而发展阶段主要与性别、收入和出生地有关，社会角色和经济收入水平在决定居民感知空间发展阶段方面起到巨大作用。文章最后还根据各种地物和构成要素出现的频率，概括了北京城市意象的空间结构，并发现它与现实中北京城市空间布局的重点极为相似。

Spatial Cognition and the Image Space of Beijing's Residents

The author selects 10 districts of Beijing and try to investigate the cognitive maps of urban residents in Beijing by questionnaire. He get 323 cognitive maps, which are classified and counted, and as a result, correlative statistical data are obtained. Based on the above-mentioned work, the author analyzs the basic types, constitutive factors, development phases and the characteristics of differences of cognitive maps of urban residents in Beijing. The research shows that although the types of spatial cognition of Beijing's residents are similar to those of the western cities of China, they are a little different. The grades of cognitive maps are concerned with residential area, sex, educational level, income and birthplace of urban residents. The constitutive factors of cognitive maps are concerned with residential area, age, income and birthplace of urban residents, while the development phrases are concerned with sex, income and birthplace of urban residents in Beijing. The research also shows that social role and economic income level play important roles in the development phrases of spatial cognition of Beijing's urban residents. At last, the author generalizes the spatial structure of Beijing's urban image based on the location and frequency of elements recorded on the cognitive maps of urban residents, and find that it is similar to the emphases of spatial distribution of Beijing. As a result, some theories of urban image of Lynch are proved in Beijing.