清代东北地区土地开发及其动因分析

论述了清代东北地区土地开发过程、特点和趋动因子。指出封禁时期土地开发主要集中于辽河流域及辽西地区,吉、黑两地只有零星开发,总的呈现一派大荒景象。开禁后,先后在奉天、吉林、黑龙江进行了大面积的放垦。大规模的移民和高速度的土地开发世所少见。最后分析了影响东北地区土地开发的主要趋动因子,指出巨大的人口压力、连年的大灾荒以及清朝政府的土地开发政策是造成清代晚期东北地区大规模移民和高速度土地开发的重要原因。

Analysis on Land Development and Causes in Northeast China during Qing Dynasty

This article discusses the process, characteristics and causes of the land development in Northeast China during Qing dynasty. In this period, land development mainly happened in the Liao river valley and the west of Liaoning Province, only a little land was developed in Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province, representing a scene of desolation in vast undeveloped interior area. After Qing government abolished an immigration ban, large area was cultivated in Fengtian, Jilin and Heilongjian one after another at a high speed rarely seen before. The authors further analyse the main factors which had influenced land use change in this area, and find that huge population pressure in central China, successive famines and land policy change of Qing government are the 3 major reasons that caused the large scale immigration and high speed land development in Northeast China during Qing dynasty, particularly in the late period.