珠江三角洲港资服务业企业的空间格局及影响因素研究

香港与珠三角地区历来有着紧密的社会经济联系，研究港资服务业在珠三角的空间布局，有助于发现港资服务业在珠三角不同等级城市的跨制度边界分布规律，并对揭示香港与珠三角之间的服务业合作关系和促进粤港澳大湾区一体化建设具有重要意义。基于1 050家珠三角港资服务业企业POI点数据，运用最邻近点指数、核密度估计法和地理集中指数等定量方法和GIS技术，研究珠三角港资服务业企业的总体空间布局及局部区位特征，并构建了多元回归模型揭示其空间布局的影响因素。结果发现：① 珠三角港资服务业企业的整体空间表现为集聚型，形成了“总体分散，局部集中”的空间分布特征；② 分行业来看，除分配性服务业企业具有空间多中心特征外，其余服务业企业均形成了以广、深为核心的空间分布结构，且4类珠三角港资服务业企业均具有显著的集聚特征，其中生产性服务业企业的集聚特征最为突出；③ 除分配性服务业企业外，其他类别港资服务业企业的空间分布受到不同因素影响，主要包括服务业发展水平和固定资产投资。

The Distribution and Influencing Factors of Hong Kong-funded Service Companies in the Pearl River Delta

Since the reform and opening up policy in 1978, China has experiencing a dramatic economic growth and urbanization process which helped the coastal region embedded in the global production network. Coastal metropolitans such as the Pearl River Delta (PRD) cities are shifting from ‘industrial economies’ to ‘service economies’. The advanced producer services play a key role in the development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Hong Kong is adjacent to the PRD, which formed the industrial spatial pattern ‘Front shop, back factory’. Many Hongkong-funded service companies choose to set up branches in PRD, they tend to locate in regional hub city such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen. In this context, understanding the diffusion mechanism of service industries across institutional boundaries is important to the integration of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Based on the points of interest (POI) data and GIS, using the methods of nearest neighbor index, Kernel density estimation method and geographic concentration index, this study respectively analyzes the overall spatial layout and local characteristics of Hongkong-funded service companies in cities of the PRD. Then this study puts forward a multiple regression equation to reveal the influencing factors of location choices of these service companies. The conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1) The overall space of Hongkong-invested service companies in the PRD is concentrated, it has formed the spatial distribution feature of ‘overall dispersion and local concentration’. 2) The analysis by sub-industry shows that all service industries have differences in the spatial distribution. In addition to the spatial multi-center characteristics of the distributive service companies, other service companies have formed a spatial distribution structure with Guangzhou and Shenzhen as the core. Each kind of Hongkong-funded service companies in PRD cities has significant agglomeration characteristics. Among them, producer service company has the most prominent characteristic. 3) The development level of service industries and fixed asset investment are the main factors influencing the location selection of the Hongkong-funded service companies, but their influences vary depending on the nature of different service companies. In addition to distributive service enterprises, the development level of service industry has a significant impact on the layout of producer service companies, while consumer service enterprises and social service companies are mainly distributed in cities that are rich in fixed asset investment and service industry development level.