地方依恋对城市居民社区参与的影响研究 ——以广州为例

基于2015年广州市1 273份居民问卷调查和半结构性访谈数据,结合逐步LPM回归和中介效应模型,探讨地方依恋和社区参与两者关系中存在的中介效应及其传导机制,并系统对比本地居民与外来移民之间的差异。研究发现：① 社区居民的地方依恋能够直接提升其社区参与期望;② 社区参与行为作为一个中介变量,在地方依恋对社区参与期望的影响中发挥中介效应;③ 对比本地居民,外来移民的社区参与行为和期望程度相对较低;④ 外来移民的社区参与行为对其社区参与期望影响的中介效应相对较弱。揭示了中国城市居民社区参与中存在户籍制度壁垒,需要进一步通过社区公共服务均等化措施,提升居民尤其是外来移民的获得感、幸福感和安全感。

The Effect of Place Attachment on Urban Residents’ Civic Engagement: The Case of Guangzhou City

China has experienced an unprecedented surge of rural-urban migration since the mid 1980s, which has led to rapid growth of the urban population, especially in large cities. Along with the vigorous reconstruction of urban space, residents’ place attachment to the neighborhood and their civic engagement are also dramatically changing, which deserves in-depth research. Particularly, without the official residential registration status(Hukou in Chinese), floating population own a lower level of place attachment to the destination neighborhood, and they seem to be lack of aspiration for civic engagement. Against this background, the first objective of this article is to explore the relationship between residents’ place attachment and their civic engagement(which is framed by two dimensions: actual participation behavior and aspiration for civic engagement), with the emphasis on the mediation effect in their interactions. The other purpose is to discuss the heterogeneity of residents’ civic engagement brought by the difference in their Hukou status. It contrasts the group of local residents with the group of migrants, especially in the fields of their aspiration for civic engagement and related mediation effects. In light of the evidence from a 2015 survey of about 1 273 residents in Guangzhou, our empirical findings by a stepwise approach of LPM Models have found that: 1) Residents’ place attachment has a directly-positive impact on their aspiration to participate in civic engagement; 2) This relation is mediated by residents’ actual participation behavior: place attachment also exert an indirect effect on the future aspiration via actual participation behavior; 3) Compared to the group of local residents, migrants hold a lower level of place attachment and civic engagement (both actual behavior and future aspiration); 4) The mediation effect of migrants’ actual participation behavior is much weaker than the one of local residents. These results imply that: without Hukou status, migrants did not get a positive feedback from their participation experience and thereby are not eager to participate in civic engagement. Based on these findings, this article outlines the nature of heterogeneity of place attachment and the institutional barriers of civic engagement in urban China: The Hukou system is still restricting migrants’ participation. Thus, to improve residents’ social wellbeing and their sense of gaining, policymaking needs to give more emphasis on the equalization of public services and the access to civic engagement, especially for migrants.