论城市犯罪的空间防控

犯罪是当代城市最大的社会问题,对犯罪实施有效的空间防控是解决城市犯罪问题的重要途径。在对城市犯罪空间防控的必要性和可能性进行理论辨析的基础上,重点论述了城市空间环境的形态布局、空间盲区的综合治理和空间地域的防控管理等犯罪空间防控的主要实施途径。

Study on the Spatial Anticrime in City

A serious social problem in modern cities, urban crime problem, has a very strong spatial background. The properties of distribution pattern, allocation pattern and inter-action in urban spatial environment have close ties with urban crime, they are the important influence factors on urban crime. Various spatial blind areas in urban spatial environment build some kinds of relations between the subject and object of urban crime, they are the spatial carrier bearing crime behaviors and consequences. Some spatial area units in cities hardly put spatial management and control into effect, they bring up the soil breeding criminals and the hotbed causing crimes. Therefore, the urban spatial environment is the important backing of urban anticrime, and the "spatial anticrime" is an important way to prevent and control urban crime. This paper debates and analyses the necessity and possibility of the spatial anticrime in cities, and forecasts the evolution of urban crime, builds the comprehensive anticrime system, and establishes the position of the spatial anticrime in this system. Then, the paper advances three enforceable channels of the spatial anticrime: first, the allocation of urban spatial environment morphology, including the anticrime planning of urban functional zones, the anticrime designing of urban building composition, the anticrime designing of urban single building, the anticrime planning-designing of urban traffic, and the anticrime restructuring of urban police organ's allocation; second, the comprehensive treatment of spatial blind areas in urban crime, including the treatment of the private, public, marginal, mobile and virtual spatial blind areas; third, the anticrime management of urban area units, including the functional organization of urban areas, the foundation of safe-civilized urban areas, and the public security edification in city areas.