1980～2017年环渤海海岸线和围填海时空演变及其影响机制

运用3S技术,采用水体指数法（MNDWI）、分形维数法、土地利用转移矩阵和回归分析等方法,以环渤海海岸带1980、1985、1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2015和2017年9个时期TM遥感影像为主数据源,研究近40 a围填海活动影响下的环渤海海岸线动态演变特征。结果表明：1980~2017年环渤海海岸线增加了1 159.9 km,分形维数持续增加,岸线呈曲折化。其中,人工岸线增长了1 977.9 km,自然岸线减少了80%。重点变化区域包括黄河三角洲及莱州湾、渤海湾、辽东湾顶部、普兰店湾等地区。1980~2017年环渤海围填海的面积增加了1 988.5 km ²。主要类型由养殖池、盐田及农用地向养殖池、盐田、建筑用地转化。围填海活动与岸线长度、属性变化呈显著线性关系。综上,水产养殖、围海晒盐、农田开垦、工业化和城镇化建设等围填海活动影响了岸线长度及属性等特征的变化。

Temporal-spatial Dynamic Evolution and Mechanism of Shoreline and the Sea Reclamation in the Bohai Rim During 1980-2017

The coastal zone is the border area between the land and the ocean. The marine resources are rich. In particular, since the reform and opening up in 1978, the coastal economy has developed rapidly. The rapid urbanization process has led to large-scale exploitation of coastal resources, and human activities severely affected shoreline evolution in the Bohai Rim region. Therefore, studying the changes of coastline and reclamation evolution is conducive to the sustainable development of coastal regional economy and the supervision and management of decision-making departments. The spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of the shoreline under the action of sea reclamation were researched based on the remote sensing images in nine years (1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2017). The MNDWI method, transfer matrix of land use, the fractal dimension method and regression analysis were used in the study. These data were processed by 3S technology and the soft wares of eCognition9.0, ArcGIS10.2 and SPSS. The results show that the Yellow River delta, Laizhou bay, Bohai bay and Liaodong bay changed a lot, the natural shoreline length decreased by 80%, whereas the artificial shoreline increased by 1 977.9 km in past 40 years. The fractal dimension of shoreline has been increased and tended to zigzag. Meanwhile, sea reclamation area increased by 1 988.5 km ² during 1980-2017. Its main land use types are transformed from aquatic farm, salt field and agricultural land to aquatic farm, salt field and construction land. There is a significant linear relationship between the reclamation process and the change of the length of the coastline. To sum up, the sea reclamation evolution affects the changes of shoreline, including aquaculture, farmland reclamation, industrialization and urban construction, etc.