地理学视角下的城市棕地研究综述与展望

快速城市化背景下,城市棕地频现并已成为工业化与城镇化过程中的“毒瘤”。针对城市棕地研究空间视角缺乏和新型城镇化对老工业基地“改造更新与保护修复”的实践需要,在明确城市棕地基本概念和内涵的基础上,基于CiteSpace对2001~2017年Web of Science和CNKI期刊引文数据库中关于棕地研究的461篇英文和244篇中文文献,分析其发文数量、年度前沿热点、关键词、研究学科等知识图谱,梳理城市棕地空间识别方法、GIS空间数据库、评估体系、污染治理技术、景观规划设计、再利用机制及政策等方面的现有研究,提出地理学视角下的棕地再利用研究展望,即构建多学科交融的城市棕地研究框架、重视地理学视角下的棕地研究热点、完善统一的棕地概念体系、挖掘棕地空间识别方法及建立数据库、强化棕地再开发综合评价方法及指标体系构建、深入研究棕地再生模式与规划设计、注重典型城市和典型棕地再开发的实践研究。

Review and Prospects on Urban Brownfield Research from a Geographical Perspective

The rapid urbanization and de-industrialization process has produced many under-utilized or abandoned industrial and commercial properties, commonly referred to as brownfield. A brownfield is a property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. Urban brownfield sites have frequently appeared and become ‘cancers’ in China. Cleaning up and reinvesting in these properties could increase local tax bases, facilitate job growth, utilize existing infrastructure, take development pressures off from undeveloped open land, improve and protect the environment. Despite these advantages, brownfield reclamation faces significant obstacles due to high clean up costs, insufficient investment resources, uncertain timelines and liability associated with contaminated properties. The importance of sustainable brownfield regeneration has recently been heightened by factors. However, this is a complex and multifaceted issue, since many existing brownfield sites not only present environmental challenges, but also raise issues of environmental justice and social equity. Urban brownfield is also a major forefront scientific problem, a weak research field need to be strengthened, and one of the greatest challenges for municipal planners and developers. In view of the lack of the spatial perspective and the practical needs of new-type urbanization to renovate and protect in the old industrial bases of China, this paper defines the basic definition and intension of urban brownfield, draws and analyzes the atlas of research hotpots, keywords, major research subjects on brownfield, taking the 461 related literatures on ‘Web of Science’ and the 244 related literatures on ‘CNKI（China National Knowledge Infrastructure）’ from 2001 to 2017 as subjects by using CiteSpace. It is the hotspots and main contents of heavy metal, sustainability, brownfield redevelopment, management, remediation, urban brownfield, and landscape architecture on the research of brownfiled. We review the present research on the method of identification, GIS database, assessment system, reconstruction technology, landscape planning and design , mechanism and policies, typical cases of brownfield. Also, this paper provides a framework of multidisciplinary integration and prospects on urban brownfield from a geographical perspective. In the future, efforts need to be made to establish a unified conceptual framework, pay attention to the hotspots of brownfield research from a geographical perspective, mining methods of identifying brownfield, build a GIS database, construct a comprehensive assessment mode, further study the model and planning of brownfield reuse, take a case study of particular cities and particular brownfield sites .