基于遥感的黑龙江省西部水稻、玉米种植范围对温度变化的响应

利用多时相遥感数据,生成黑龙江西部地区1988年和1998年两个序列的农作物种植范围图,结合相应时段的该地区≥10℃积温数据进行分析。研究表明,黑龙江省西部地区农作物种植结构对气候变暖有明显的响应变化:随着等温线的大幅度整体北移,水稻的种植北界随着≥10℃积温的2200℃等温线向北移动约1.5个纬度,水稻集中种植区随≥10℃积温的2300~2400℃等温线北移约1个纬度;分布在≥10℃积温2800℃等温线和2400℃等温线附近的两个玉米密集种植区随着上述两条等温线北移1个纬度左右。在上述玉米、水稻种植范围北移过程中,同时出现玉米的种植区被新增的水稻种植区大范围替代的现象。

Responses of Corn and Rice Planting Area to Temperature Changes Based on RS in the West of Heilongjiang Province

Global warming and its impacts in the past two decades have gained much attention worldwide. Human may adjust their behaviors to response to such changes. In this paper, the west of Heilongjiang Province, one of the main grain producing areas which is sensible to climate change, is chosen as the research area to analyze the response of the grain crops’ structure to climate warming. RS technique is used as the main research method in this paper. Two temporal series of TM images are interpreted to generate the crop land use maps of the west of Heilongjiang Province in 1988 and 1998 respectively. Then, based on the ≥10℃ cumulative temperature data of the same period, we find the response of crop structure to climate warming is very evident in the west of Heilongjiang Province. Because the isothermal lines of cumulative temperature move northward, the planting boundary of rice extended northward for 1.5 degree with the 2 200℃ isothermal lines of the ≥10℃ cumulative temperature, and the region of dense rice-planting area extended northward for 1 degree with the 2 300-2 400℃ isothermal lines of the ≥10℃ cumulative temperature. In the same way, two planting regions of corn extended respectively with the 2 800℃ isothermal lines and the 2 400℃ isothermal lines of the ≥10℃ cumulative temperature for 1 degree northward. Furthermore, rice had the priority in the process of substitute above.