松嫩平原土地次生盐碱化研究

松嫩平原是我国土地次生盐碱化最严重的地区之一。由于盲目开垦、过度放牧及一些水利工程带来的负效应，土地次生盐碱化迅速发展，每年增长速度达１％￣１．４％。到下世纪初将有４５％左右盐碱化土地退化为基本无利用价值的重盐碱地。主要防治措施有水田、芦苇开发和以藻代排的水利措施，改革草原经营机制、秸杆利用等草场改良和畜牧业发展措施，改土培肥、种植耐盐经济作物等农业技术措施。

STUDY ON THE SECONDARY SALINE-ALKALIZATION OF LAND IN SONGNEN PLAIN

This paper analyzed the distribution and the change trend of the saline-alkalized land in Songnen Plain since the 1950s using the data of the first and second soil investigation and the Landsat images in the 1990s. We conclude that the secondary saline-alkalized land here increased 1% - 1.4% per year. Through field investigation and sampling, we analyzed the reasons of saline-alkalization and proposed that the saline-alkalization of wetland was one of the main types and the main characteristic of the wetland degradation. According to the practical experience and achievements of the study on the saline-land management and agricultural sustainable development in Da'an Demonstration Region, we proposed the management techniques such as planting paddy field, reed and grass, forbiddening grassland, using straw to raise livestock and improving soil.