快速城市化进程中的太湖水环境保护:困境与出路

太湖流域经济发达、城市化水平高,伴随着城市化过程的各种环境问题十分突出。城市化过程对太湖水环境质量的负面影响主要表现在生活污水排放量增加、人畜粪便对水污染的程度加剧、化学肥料施用量增加、非点源污染负荷增加以及自然景观对污染物的去除能力降低等方面,由此导致的营养盐入湖量增加将严重制约太湖水质的改善。充分认识并努力减轻这些负面影响是改善太湖水环境质量的前提,在分析问题的基础上提出了一些针对性的应对策略。

Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Water Quality and Related Mitigation Options in Taihu Lake Area

Located in one of the most rapidly developing areas in China, Taihu Lake watershed is undergoing an accelerated process of urbanisation. Concomitant to fast economic bloom and urban expansion is the deterioration of water quality. The eutrophication of Taihu Lake has become a major environmental concern of the region. The main objective of this paper is to summarize the effects of urbanization on eutrophication of the lake. In addition to the increased discharge of domestic wastewater there are also some indirect impact of urbanization on the nutrient status of surface water. Among them are decreased utilization of organic manure, increased dosage of chemical fertilizer, the shift of scattered livestock and poultry breeding to highly concentrated ones, higher runoff due to more impermeable ground, and the encroachment of wetland in which a significant amount of nutrients can be removed from water. All of these can lead to a larger contribution of non-point source N and P to water bodies. To mitigate these negative effects of urbanization on environment some practicable options have been proposed by the authors.