开垦年限对黑土农田土壤微生物功能多样性的影响

开垦年限对黑土农田土壤微环境产生影响，土壤微生物的功能多样性发生变化。于2019年7月在黑龙江省黑河市黑土区采集不同土层（0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm）开垦98 a、50 a和10 a的黑土农田土壤，采用Biolog-Eco微平板法研究开垦年限对黑土农田土壤微生物的活性、功能多样性和微生物对不同碳源的利用情况的影响。结果表明，开垦98 a的农田土壤微生物活性最强。农田土壤微生物群落组成及功能多样性开垦98 a >开垦10 a >开垦50 a。开垦年限和土层深度影响黑土农田土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力。在0~10 cm层中，土壤微生物对碳源的利用程度最高。主成分分析结果表明，黑土农田土壤中的微生物主要利用的是糖类和氨基酸类。

Impact of Reclamation Time on Functional Diversity of Soil Microorganisms in Farmland of Black Soil

Soil microbial community is an important bioactive component of soil ecosystems. Its structural and functional diversity directly affects nutrient processes. The microbial functional diversity varied with micro-ecological environment of soil in different reclamation time. This study aimed to investigate the variations in the functional diversity of soil microbial communities in farmland of black soil with different reclamation time We selected three typical black soil of reclamated for 98 years, 50 years and 10 years, located in the Heilongjiang Province. Experiments were performed in three typical black soil reclaimed for 98 years, 50 years and 10 years, which is located in the Nenjiang Plain of Heilongjiang Province, and samples were collected from 3 layers of soil (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm) in July 2019. The experiments were performed by selecting the different soil layers (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm) of various reclamation time in July 2019. Biolog-Eco microplate technology was used to analyze microbial activity, functional diversity and utilization of various carbon sources. The results showed that soil microbial activity of farmland reclaimed 98 years was the highest. Order of soil microbial community composition and functional diversity index were as follows, farmland reclaimed for 98 years > 10 years > 50 years. Carbon utilization capacity of soil microorganisms in black soil farmland was affected by reclamation time and soil depth. In the 0-10 cm layer, soil microorganisms had the highest utilization of carbon source. Principal component analysis showed that the microorganisms in reclaimed soil mainly used carbohydrates and amino acids. Reclamation time had significant effect on the activity and functional diversity of soil microbial community in black soil. The changing pattern of soil microbial functional diversity effected by reclamation time was similar to that of soil organic matter content. These results provide a reference for further exploring the relationship between reclamation time and soil microbes functional diversity while maintaining and restoring soil fertility, rational exploitation and sustainable utilization of black soil resources.