社会公平视角下深圳公园绿地可达性研究

公园绿地是城市中重要的绿色基础设施。针对传统可达性分析微观尺度研究不足和交通成本估计失真等问题，以深圳为例，采用公园绿地矢量数据和基于手机SDK（Software Development Kit，软件开发工具包）定位的人口数据作为供需数据源，基于住房分类数据以城中村、保障房、商品房居民划分社会群体，利用改进的高斯两步移动搜寻法计算得到居住小区尺度的公园绿地可达性社会公平情况。研究发现：① 深圳公园绿地可达性存在社会分异：商品房和城中村可达性较好；公租房和安居房社区公园可达性差；人才住房仅对社区公园可达性高；② 驾车可达性最均衡，公共交通方式下不同住房群体间的可达性差异较大。研究补充了中国城市公园绿地可达性社会公平研究的不足，改进了小尺度可达性研究的数据与方法，为公园绿地规划体系提供反思，并可为深圳城市发展提供政策依据。

Evaluation of Park Green Space Accessibility in Shenzhen from the Perspective of Social Equity

Park green space, which is important green infrastructure in the city, can provide opportunities for physical exercise, social communication, nature exposure and emergency hedge. Spatially fine-grained evaluation of accessibility to park green space has been limited by data availability. This study fills the research gap by using mobile SDK positioning data in Shenzhen. It uses this data to obtain population distribution; it uses the improved Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method to calculate park green space accessibility of neighborhood scale; it uses open source map API to calculate the travel time of different transportation modes. The accessibility indicators are analyzed by different housing groups: Urban villages, affordable housing and commodity housing. The results show first a social disparity in the accessibility of park green space in Shenzhen. The accessibility of urban villages is good and balanced. Public rental housing and economic and comfortable housing have poor accessibility to neighborhood parks, while the former has high accessibility to urban parks and the latter to natural parks. In addition, the accessibility of talent worker housing is the lowest. Talent housing has high accessibility to neighborhood parks, but poor accessibility to urban parks and natural parks, resulting in low overall accessibility. Third, Transportation mode has great influence on the accessibility to green space. Accessibility by driving among housing groups is nominal, but transit accessibility among them shows significant variation. Based on these findings, our study makes the following suggestions, including 1) improving the presence of neighborhood parks around public rental housing and economic and comfortable housing. 2) prioritizing transit service improvement for low-income residential areas, and 3) changing the planning requirement for green space supply in land development. Our study enriches existing literature by helping readers to understand park green space accessibility from the perspective of social equity in Chinese cities and by establishing a better connection to planning practice with spatially fine-grained data and evaluation indicators.