西南喀斯特山区三水转化与水资源过程及合理利用

中国西南喀斯特山区由于地质背景和地貌结构的特殊性,致使三水转化与水资源形成过程不同于非喀斯特山区。文章探讨该区三水转化机理、水资源补给方式和形成过程,得出喀斯特流域对于相同或相似降雨过程的响应,不同的流域结构决定了补给方式、三水转化、径流调蓄和输移特征。提出喀斯特山区水资源合理利用模式应按照因地制宜、因土制宜、因水制宜及因需制宜原则,采用以小微型为主的水资源开发利用模式,实施分散拦蓄、分散供水,以化整为零方式解决喀斯特山区的整体性干旱缺水。

Formation Process and Rational Use of Water Resources and Transform of Rainfall, Surface Water and Underground Water in Karst Mountainous Area in Southwest China

Because of the particularity of geological and geomorphologic structure in karst mountainous area in Southwest China,the formation processes of water resources and the transform of rainfall,surface water and underground water are different from other areas.In this paper,the transform mechanisms of rainfall,surface water and underground water are discussed and the replenishment models of water resources and the formation of karst water are analyzed.As a conclusion,the responses of rainfall-runoff in different karst basins under the homology or similar rainfall processes are different.The replenishment models of water resources,the transform mechanisms of rainfall,surface water and underground water,the storage of water resources and the runoff transportations dominate the karst basin structures.For reasonably using water resources and settling the lack of water in karst mountainous area,the models of water use are put forward.According to the principles of water supply,there are different models of water resources use in different instances.The small water supply projects are primary models in karst mountainous area.The separate water obstructs and storage,the separate water supply and breaking up the whole into parts are recommended models of water resources use in karst mountainous area.