中国儿童游憩需求与供给的空间分异及影响因素

使用统计数据和游客生成数据，从公共性和商业性视角评估中国城市儿童游憩供需空间分异，并使用逐步回归与地理加权回归识别影响因素。研究发现：① 中国城市儿童游憩需求和供给呈现胡焕庸线以东高、以西低，需求以首府城市为中心极，供给则以直辖市和旅游城市为中心极；② 中部内陆腹地供给匮乏、西部与东部沿海供给充足，胡焕庸线以东省会城市最匮乏；③ 中心城市高需求引致儿童游憩供给的集聚、虹吸效应，加剧游憩机会的不平等；④ GDP、城镇居民人均可支配收入、高级景区数量、第三产业占比、旅游人次和城镇化率是形成儿童游憩供给空间差异的主要因素。

Spatial Differentiation and Influencing Factors of Children’s Recreational Demand and Supply in China

Children’s recreation is not only related to the construction of child-friendly cities and the realization of children’s civil rights but also an important segment of the leisure industry. This study evaluates the supply and demand of recreation for children aged 3-12 years old in China from different perspectives of publicity and commerciality. The children’s recreation supply index is divided into several secondary supply indexes according to the properties, prices, and types of recreation supply. It combines geographic data, statistical data, and tourist-generated data, and uses the natural breakpoint method and spatial difference analysis to present municipal-spatial differentiation characteristics. The study also uses stepwise regression and geographically weighted regression to identify the factors that influence the supply of children’s recreation in China’s cities. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) There is a distinct spatial heterogeneity and polarization in the supply and demand of children’s recreation in China. Both the children’s recreational demand and supply take the Hu Huanyong Line as the watershed, showing an overall trend of high in the southeast and low in the northwest. The demand is centered on municipalities and provincial capitals, and the supply is centered on municipalities and tourist cities. 2) The balance of supply and demand shows that the central inland hinterland is relatively scarce, the western and eastern coastal areas are abundant, and the provincial capitals of the east of the Hu Huanyong line are relatively scarce except for municipalities and tourist cities. 3) The provincial capitals present the phenomenon of spatial polarization and differentiation, with the characteristics of high demand and high supply, as well as significant agglomeration and siphon effects. 4) The factors influenced children’s recreation supply in China from high to low, are GDP, per capita disposable income of urban residents, the number of high-level scenic spots, the proportion of tertiary industries, tourist arrivals, and the rate of urbanization. This study reveals the current macro status of the supply and demand of recreation of children in China. The evaluation dimensions and methods have innovative value for the study of recreational space. The results of spatial differentiation and influencing factors analysis have implications for the construction of children-friendly cities.