嵩山地区全新世植被演化研究进展与展望

嵩山地区是华夏文明的重要发祥地，与早期人类活动关系密切的区域植被全新世演化研究也备受关注，孢粉分析是此类研究的重要手段。分析嵩山地区已有的16处地点的19套孢粉数据，梳理出区域晚更新世以来的植被演化历史。结果表明，10 ka B.P.之前，区域乔木花粉极少，为草地植被景观；10~7 ka B.P.，乔木花粉增多，丘陵、台地地区为疏林草地，平原地区乔木分布较多，为森林草地；7~5 ka B.P.，乔木花粉含量继续增加，丘陵地区仍为疏林草地，台地地区已经具有森林草地景观特征，平原地区则为针阔混交林植被景观；5~2.5 ka B.P.，乔木花粉含量逐渐减少，区域又转变为疏林草地植被景观。区域早期植被研究存在沉积样品孢粉含量少，地层年代分辨率低，自然沉积剖面较少，山地、丘陵区域数据不多等问题。未来研究需要有效引进信息技术，在孢粉提取与鉴定方法不断改进的基础上，开展多种地貌类型的高分辨率研究。研究思路也需要从孢粉数据重建气候演变向植被特征与人类活动交互作用所延伸。

Research Progress and Prospect of Holocene Vegetation Succession in the Songshan Region

The Songshan Region is considered as the origin of Chinese civilization. The Holocene evolution of regional vegetation that is closely related to early human activities has also attracted much attention. Pollen analysis is an important method of such research. This article analyzed 19 sets of pollen data from 16 locations in the Songshan area, and sorted out the vegetation evolution history of the region since the Late Pleistocene. The results showed that before 10 ka B.P., there was very little trees in the area, which was a grassland vegetation landscape; 10-7 ka B.P., trees increased, hilly and platform areas were sparsely forested and grassland, and plain areas were more arbors, which were forest grassland; 7-5 ka B.P., arbor pollen content continues to increase, hilly areas are still sparsely wooded and grassland, platform areas already have the characteristics of forest and grassland landscape, and plain areas are vegetation landscapes of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest; 5-2.5 ka B.P., arbor pollen content gradually decreases , The area is transformed into a vegetation landscape of sparse forest and grassland. Early regional vegetation research has problems such as low pollen content in sedimentary samples, low stratum chronological resolution, fewer natural sedimentary profiles, and insufficient data in mountainous and hilly regions. Future research needs to effectively introduce information technology, and carry out high-resolution research on various types of landforms on the basis of continuous improvement of sporopollen extraction and identification methods. The research ideas also need to extend from the reconstruction of the climate evolution from the pollen data to the interaction between vegetation characteristics and human activities.