辽宁沿海地区风能资源状况及开发潜力初步分析

主要采用风电场的实测风资料,初步分析了辽宁沿海地区的风能资源特征及开发潜力。结果表明:辽宁沿海岸一带为风能资源丰富区和较丰富区,辽东湾沿岸风资源较黄海北部沿岸更为优越,风资源条件上具有更大的开发潜力;海岸到内陆风速迅速减少,离海岸稍远的陆上以辽东半岛顶部和辽河平原地区风速较大;沿岸50m高处风能资源较10m高处多1倍以上,年有效风力时数超过70%,表明辽宁沿海地区具有大规模开发利用风能资源的潜力,适合建大型风电场,且风电场离海岸越近越好。

State and Exploitation Potentiality of Wind Energy Resources in Liaoning Littoral

Liaoning Province lies on the main wind belts of China, which abuts on the Bohai sea and the Yellow Sea and has more than 2000 km of coastline. There is the better prospects of exploitation and application of wind energy resources (WER) in Liaoning littoral. But the existing wind observation data (from meteorological observation stations mainly) and the former investigation did not meet the needs of WER survey enough due to stronger local character of wind. Lacking observation data and unknowing the resources distribution exactly have been an important problem among all the factors limiting large-scale exploition of WER. Aiming at the existing status of unknowing WER exactly, the features and exploitation potentiality of WER in the Liaoning coastal area are studied elementarily based on observation data of 14 meteorological stations and 6 wind power stations located in Liaoning littoral. The main results are as follows: (1) The areas along the coast of Liaoning are the abundant or relative abundant region of WER. The mean yearly wind speed is mostly more than 5.0 m/s in the coast of the Liaodong Gulf and mostly lower than 5.0 m/s on the north shore of the Yellow Sea. So WER is more in the area along the Liaodong Gulf than in the area along the north Yellow Sea. (2) Wind speed decrease remarkably from the coast to inland. Wind speed over the top of Liaodong Peninsula is bigger among the littoral, where the average yearly wind speed is 4.4-4.6 m/s. The rest regions are lower than 4.0 m/s. (3) Orientation of wind energy is concentrative, which is of great benefit to arranging wind turbines. Wind direction on the north side and on the south side are the two main orientation of wind energy on the coastal area along the Liaodong Gulf. However, only wind direction on the north side is main on the coastal area along the Yellow Sea.(4) WER presents seasonal and daily change. Spring is the best season of utilizing WER on the coastal area in Liaoning Province. Autumn or Winter is the second and Summer is the last. The best period of utilizing WER in a day is usually in the daytime, especially in the afternoon. (5) The WER at 50 m height along the coast is 2 times of that at 10 m height, and the usable wind hours in one year are more than 70%. Yearly available wind energy is 2763.2 and 1481.6 (kW·h)/m² at 50 m height in Liaobin and Mingyang, which are located in north shore of Liaodong Gulf and the Yellow Sea respectively. Taking Nordex N54 (1.0 MW) wind turbine as an example, power generation capacity of a wind turbine is 2.16?10⁶ and 1.44?10⁴ (kW·h)/a in the two areas respectively.(6) There is greater resources potentiality in a large-scale exploitation and application of WER in Liaoning littoral. It is suitable for developing big wind power plant in those regions, and the position of wind power station more near the coast is more better.