中国海南省三沙市行政建制特点与海洋资源开发

行政区是地方政权存在的地域,中国在海南省成立的三沙市,是中国陆地面积最小、海域面积最大、人口在市一级行政机构中最少的地级市。三沙市成立最重要的目的是为了维护国家海洋权益、保护南海岛礁、开发南海丰富的海洋渔业资源、深海石油和天然气资源、海洋旅游资源以及水下文物资源等。在阐述三沙市的历史沿革、区位、政区规模以及政区形态特征等基础上,分析了三沙市的渔业资源、油气资源和旅游资源等,以图、表的形式反映了中国提出的油气招标区块的数量、面积和深度。最后提出三沙市应以旅游、水产、油气、水下文物等为重点发展的海洋产业,开发过程中必须重视海洋生态建设和环境保护,使资源开发达到持续、绿色发展的要求。

The Characteristics of Administrative System of Sansha City in Hainan Province and the Exploitation of Its Marine Resources

Administrative region is the area that local government has jurisdiction over. As a prefecture-level city in Hainan, Sansha has the smallest land area, the largest water area and the smallest population compared with other “city”-level administrative authority. The main reason of establishing Sansha City is to safeguard national maritime rights and interests, protect islands and reefs in South China Sea, exploit the abundant fishery resources, subsea oil and gas, marine tourism resources and subsea cultural relics in South China Sea. The history, location, the size and outline of the administrative region are recounted and described in this article. Compared with the city of Zhoushan, which is also a prefecture-level city composed of islands, Sansha′s land area is only 0.9% of that of Zhoushan, while water area is 96 times larger. Fishery resources, subsea oil and gas and tourism resources in Sansha are analyzed in this article. The numbers, areas and depth of the oil and gas areas open for bid are demonstrated by graphs and tables in particular. At the end, we propose that tourism, fishery, oil and gas and subsea cultural relics be the key industries to develop. And great importance should be attached to the marine ecological construction and environmental protection in the course of exploitation so as to attain sustainable and green development.