碳排放空间依赖视角下环境分权的碳排放效应

以环境管理人员在不同层级政府间的配置直接测算环境分权度，通过纳入财政分权指标，采用省级面板数据和动态空间计量模型从空间视角实证检验环境分权对碳排放的影响。结果表明：① 中国省域碳排放存在显著的惯性依赖和空间路径依赖，本地区碳排放的增加（降低）将带动相邻地区碳排放的上升（下降）。② 国家层面上，环境总体分权（ED）、环境行政分权（EAD）和环境监测分权（EMD）显著降低碳排放，环境监察分权（ESD）和财政分权（FD）则显著加剧碳排放。同样地，ED及其分解指标与FD的交互项也均显著促进碳排放，其影响大小与环境管理分权的类别相关。③ 不同地区环境分权的碳排放效应存在异质性。西部地区ED、EAD和EMD对碳排放产生的抑制效应明显大于东、中部地区，而东部地区ED及其分解指标与FD交互项对碳排放的抑制作用强于中、西部地区。

Carbon Emission Effect of Environmental Decentralization from the Spatial Dependence Perspective of Carbon Emissions

In this article, we directly assess the degree of environmental decentralization according to the allocation of environmental managers among different levels of government. By incorporating fiscal decentralization indicators, the provincial panel data and dynamic spatial econometric model are used to empirically test the impact of environmental decentralization on carbon emissions from a spatial perspective. The study found that: 1) China’s provincial carbon emissions have significant inertia dependence and spatial path dependence. The increase (decrease) of provincial carbon emissions will lead to the increase (decrease) of carbon emissions in neighboring regions. 2) At the national level, environmental decentralization (ED), environmental administrative decentralization (EAD) and environmental monitoring decentralization (EMD) significantly reduced China’s carbon emissions, while environmental supervision decentralization (ESD) and fiscal decentralization (FD) significantly increased carbon emissions. Similarly, the interaction of ED and its decomposition indicators and FD also significantly promoted carbon emissions, and the impact was related to the types of environmental management decentralization. 3) The carbon emission effects of environmental decentralization in different regions were heterogeneous. The inhibition effect of ED, EAD and EMD on carbon emissions in the western region was significantly greater than that in the eastern and central regions, but the inhibitory effect of ED and its decomposition index and FD interaction on carbon emissions in the eastern region was significantly stronger than that in the central and western regions. The above results provide theoretical support for China to construct a differentiated carbon emission environmental management system from two aspects of regional differences and environmental management power categories.