中国电子竞技产业地理集聚特征及影响因素

基于2003—2016年电子竞技企业数据，运用赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数、空间自相关分析和空间面板计量经济学模型的方法，对中国电子竞技产业地理集聚特征及其影响因素进行定量分析。研究表明：① 中国电竞产业发展经历从“非法”到“合法化”的曲折历程，阶段性特征明显，可分为“波动发展-蓄力扩散-集中爆发”3个阶段。② 电竞产业发展存在空间依赖性，产业集聚空间存在2级集聚中心，集聚模式经历了从“双核”到“单核”的结构演变。随着时间的推移，电竞产业向中南、华南地区集聚的趋势愈加明显，粤港澳大湾区的集聚程度最高。③ 实证研究表明经济水平、产业结构、人力资源、政府政策、创新环境、经济外向度、用户规模是影响电竞产业集聚的主要因素。

The Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Geographical Agglomeration of E-sports Industry in China

Based on the data of e-sports enterprises from 2003 to 2016, using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial panel econometric model, the geographic agglomeration characteristics of China’s e-sports industry and its influencing factors are quantitatively analyzed. The research fidnding shows: 1) The development of China’s e-sports industry is advancing through twists and turns, and has significant stage characteristics. Since the entry of e-sports games into China in 1998, it has a history of more than two decades. It has experienced many iconic events such as germination, officialization, twists and turns, recovery, and rebirth. It has finally been recognized by the public and the official. After being officially listed in China’s sports events in 2003, it experienced three stages of “volatility development-power accumulation diffusion-concentrated outburst”, which was characterized by difficult exploration, legal and correct name, and entering life. 2) The development of China’s e-sports industry is spatially dependent, and the evolution of industrial agglomeration has undergone various structural models. The spatial distribution state of the e-sports industry presents a spatial dependence from random to agglomeration, and its evolutionary model is constantly changing, showing an overall two-level agglomeration center and undergoing a structural evolution from “dual-core” to “single-core”. The focus of development has generally moved to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. 3) Analysis of driving factors shows that factors such as economic level, industrial structure, human resources, government policies, innovation environment, economic extroversion, and user scale all affect the geographic agglomeration of the e-sports industry. Among them, the influence of industrial structure, human resources and economic level on the agglomeration of e-sports industry is particularly significant. The high economic development level, excellent completion structure and good human resources are more conducive to the development and agglomeration of e-sports industry.